About this Research Topic
The last two decades of research lay grounds for the changing view on the role of neutrophils in the human immune system. From simple “gladiators” or “foot soldiers” ingesting enemies at the front line of battle with infections, neutrophils are now recognized as much more specialized cells. In addition to tackling infections with multiple sophisticated strategies, they also orchestrate an immune response by direct cell-cell interactions and release of soluble mediators, as well as play a major role in the development of multiple pathological conditions. Among these new insights, it was also discovered that activated neutrophils can release nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA coupled with granular and cytoplasmic proteins in the form of sticky, fragile structures, termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs effectively immobilize and prevent microorganisms from spreading. Furthermore, they may directly kill pathogens due to the high local content of antimicrobial proteins. Conversely, excessive NET release has been linked to the development and exacerbation of multiple pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Although many aspects of NET formation have been extensively studied, this area of research still poses some open questions and areas of controversy. As new research paths are investigated, our knowledge of the mechanisms of NET formation and their clinical significance is also constantly evolving. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of NETs formation and identification of NETs-related pathological conditions is of the utmost clinical importance, as it may contribute to the development and modification of new and current therapeutic interventions.
As we approach the 20-year anniversary of the discovery of NETs, this Research Topic aims to promote the latest advances in the field, investigate current trends in NETs-related studies, as well as highlight future directions in the field. We welcome the submission of Original Research, Brief Research Report, Review, Mini Review, Methods, Perspective, and Opinion articles that focus on, but are not limited to, the following themes:
• Mechanisms of NET formation
• In vivo and in vitro regulation of NET formation
• Varying content and function of NETs
• Role of NETs in infections
• Role of NETs in the development of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, blood coagulation disorders, and cancer
• Therapeutic targeting of NETs
• Update on scientific models and methodology used to study NET formation
The Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
Although many aspects of NET formation have been extensively studied, this area of research still poses some open questions and areas of controversy. As new research paths are investigated, our knowledge of the mechanisms of NET formation and their clinical significance is also constantly evolving. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of NETs formation and identification of NETs-related pathological conditions is of the utmost clinical importance, as it may contribute to the development and modification of new and current therapeutic interventions.
As we approach the 20-year anniversary of the discovery of NETs, this Research Topic aims to promote the latest advances in the field, investigate current trends in NETs-related studies, as well as highlight future directions in the field. We welcome the submission of Original Research, Brief Research Report, Review, Mini Review, Methods, Perspective, and Opinion articles that focus on, but are not limited to, the following themes:
• Mechanisms of NET formation
• In vivo and in vitro regulation of NET formation
• Varying content and function of NETs
• Role of NETs in infections
• Role of NETs in the development of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, blood coagulation disorders, and cancer
• Therapeutic targeting of NETs
• Update on scientific models and methodology used to study NET formation
The Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
Keywords: Neutrophils, Granulocytes, Neutophil-extracellular traps (NETs), Autoimmune diseases, Cancer, Infections, Inflammation, COVID-19, Reactive oxygen species, DNA
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