About this Research Topic
Cytokines are important mediators consisting of small, secreted proteins produced by nearly all cells to control and influence the immune response. The release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is essential in any immune response. Cytokines and their clinical importance are presented in terms of their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. They can be used as biomarkers to indicate and monitor disease and its progression and serve as clinically applicable parameters for treatment. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a unique multifunctional cytokine formerly discovered in natural killer cell transcript 4. Because IL-32 affects many cellular and physiological functions, it has been implicated in a variety of disorders associated with pathogenesis and disease progression.
Since its discovery, increasing studies have investigated IL-32 role in health and diseases. However, explanations of the specific role are not always consistent, especially before the identification of its isoforms. For example, IL-32 showed different roles in cancer, either enhancing tumor proliferation or suppressing cancer development, depending on the type of cancer and microenvironment. Moreover, the participation of IL-32 has been mentioned in several autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). This frequently noted roles of IL-32 during the pathogenesis of cancerous, inflammatory, as well as allergic, and infectious diseases, indicating its regulatory role in various conditions. Recently, a number of studies reveal its contribution to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s which could be linked to its initial recognized role in response to hypoxia. Although several insights have been attained into the pro-/anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-32 in health and diseases, there are still many doubts to be revealed and answered, starting from identifying the binding partners to the exact regulation of each isoform in different conditions.
Up to now, there are nine transcripts known to be generated from IL-32 mRNA splicing: IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32δ, IL-32γ, IL-32θ, IL-32ε, IL-32ζ, IL-32η, and small (IL-32s). These isoforms demonstrated varied functions and regulations and yet are not completely understood. One of the goals of this research topic is to collect contributions to characterizing the IL-32, use as a model for different diseases, and consider novel developmental and/or evolutionary connections to fill this gap, to establish exchanges between different scientific disciplines.
This Research Topic welcomes submissions of the article types: Original Research, Reviews: Mini and Systematic, Clinical Trial, and Case/Data/ Brief Research Reports are welcome. The topics include but are not limited to the following:
• Molecular mechanisms, structural and functional aspects, and binding partners of IL-32
• Role and regulation of IL-32 in the mentioned diseases
• Regulation of IL-32 on gene expression
• Epigenetics and chromatin remodeling in presence or absence of IL-32
Topic Editor Jessica Dos Santos is part of the 2000HIV collaboration, which is supported by ViiV Healthcare. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject
Since its discovery, increasing studies have investigated IL-32 role in health and diseases. However, explanations of the specific role are not always consistent, especially before the identification of its isoforms. For example, IL-32 showed different roles in cancer, either enhancing tumor proliferation or suppressing cancer development, depending on the type of cancer and microenvironment. Moreover, the participation of IL-32 has been mentioned in several autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). This frequently noted roles of IL-32 during the pathogenesis of cancerous, inflammatory, as well as allergic, and infectious diseases, indicating its regulatory role in various conditions. Recently, a number of studies reveal its contribution to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s which could be linked to its initial recognized role in response to hypoxia. Although several insights have been attained into the pro-/anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-32 in health and diseases, there are still many doubts to be revealed and answered, starting from identifying the binding partners to the exact regulation of each isoform in different conditions.
Up to now, there are nine transcripts known to be generated from IL-32 mRNA splicing: IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32δ, IL-32γ, IL-32θ, IL-32ε, IL-32ζ, IL-32η, and small (IL-32s). These isoforms demonstrated varied functions and regulations and yet are not completely understood. One of the goals of this research topic is to collect contributions to characterizing the IL-32, use as a model for different diseases, and consider novel developmental and/or evolutionary connections to fill this gap, to establish exchanges between different scientific disciplines.
This Research Topic welcomes submissions of the article types: Original Research, Reviews: Mini and Systematic, Clinical Trial, and Case/Data/ Brief Research Reports are welcome. The topics include but are not limited to the following:
• Molecular mechanisms, structural and functional aspects, and binding partners of IL-32
• Role and regulation of IL-32 in the mentioned diseases
• Regulation of IL-32 on gene expression
• Epigenetics and chromatin remodeling in presence or absence of IL-32
Topic Editor Jessica Dos Santos is part of the 2000HIV collaboration, which is supported by ViiV Healthcare. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject
Keywords: Interleukin-32, IL-32, mechanisms, regulation, epigenetics, hypoxia, cancer, autoimmune disease, allergy and asthma, neurodegenerative diseases.
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