Neuroimaging of Brain Structure-Function Coupling Mechanism in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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Background

Cerebral disorders that cause psychiatric symptoms are called ¬neuropsychiatric disorders. The main characteristics of neuropsychiatric disorders are the concurrent occurrence of various psychiatric symptoms, cognitive and motor impairment, behaviour change as a core symptom, the possibility of early cerebral symptoms, and occasional resemblance to endogenous psychiatric disorders. The term neuropsychiatric disorders include Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), narcolepsy, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders. Multimodal neuroimaging methods are currently being applied to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous research has revealed that normal structure-function coupling is vital for the brain, while altered structure-function coupling can be found in many neuropsychiatric disorders, and new extensive evidence indicates that brain structural alterations in the brain may give rise to neurocognition and behaviour syndromes via an impact on disrupted brain functional connections. Brain structure-function coupling is an important and novel research topic in the current field of neuroscience and brain disorder research.

Based on structural and functional coupled indicators, the use of multimodal information can enhance sensitivity to detect brain pathophysiological abnormalities compared to single functional or structural indicators. It is worth noting that previous studies have found that neurovascular coupling changes in neuropsychiatric disorders are mainly manifested in neurovascular decoupling, and neurovascular decoupling not only disrupts functional connectivity between different brain regions but also leads to loss of structural connectivity. Therefore, we believe that the changes in neurovascular coupling in neuropsychiatric disorders and the resulting changes in the structure-function coupling of the whole brain and functional subnetworks are the key causes of neurocognitive aging and behavioral disorders. Combining multimodal structural-functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, we focus on exploring the linked molecular mechanism between structural-functional coupling changes and cognitive/motor/other functional parameters in patients and animal models with neuropsychiatric disorders, especially on the further development of neuroimaging coupling research methodologies and the establishment and application of new coupling indicators. In particular, we welcome novel methods or applications leveraging cutting-edge methods focused on elucidating the role of structure-function coupling parameters with a goal of furthering the exploration and understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of ¬neuropsychiatric disorders.

From the research in the form of Original Research or Review articles, this Research Topic aims to provide a better understanding of these neuropsychiatric disorders in the novel views of brain structure-function coupling mechanisms in neuroimaging research.

We welcome research articles and review articles on the following topics among others:
• Studies of multiple cerebral blood oxygen parameters [blood oxygenation level dependent indicators (ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, etc.)/cerebral oxygen metabolism indicators (OEF, CMRO2, CBF, etc.)] coupling with structural indicators measured by cerebral multimodal MRI in neuropsychiatric disorders.
• The reproducibility and repeatability of the structure-function coupling mechanism as valuable novel evidence for presenting clinical research in neuropsychiatric diseases, especially neurocognitive aging and behavior change.
• New approaches to structure-function coupling in vivo applications on animal models to clarify and validate clinical imaging findings associated with the core hallmarks of molecular pathological mechanism for specific neuropsychiatric disorders.
• Novel suggestions and guidelines to improve structure-function coupling parameter reconstructions and clinical protocols, preferring artificial intelligence algorithm research.

Keywords: neuropsychiatric disorders, structure-function coupling, brain, neuroimaging, cerebral oxygen metabolism

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