Bioremediation for a Greener Planet: Removal of Excess Nutrients, Heavy Metals, Hydrocarbons, and Other Pollutants by Aquatic Microorganisms

Bioremediation, a promising field within environmental science, focuses on the use of living organisms, particularly microorganisms, to remove or neutralize pollutants from contaminated sites. The current environmental crisis, exacerbated by anthropogenic activities, has led to the degradation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, posing significant threats to both human and environmental health. Inefficient treatment of urban, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters has resulted in severe contamination of water bodies, while emissions from flue gases have increased atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Additionally, nutrient-rich wastewater from livestock farming and agro-food industries contributes to water eutrophication, while mining, petroleum refineries, and various industries are major sources of heavy metal and hydrocarbon pollution. The pervasive presence of plastic litter, including microplastics, further complicates the issue. Despite the availability of genomic and metabolomic data on organisms and their detoxification mechanisms, the economic viability of bio-based processes remains a challenge. This necessitates a shift towards a circular economy, emphasizing the reuse and recycling of waste products, and highlights the need for innovative, environmentally friendly solutions.

This research topic aims to explore and advance the field of bioremediation by focusing on the removal and recycling of aquatic pollutants through the use of microorganisms. The primary objectives include understanding the genetic and enzymatic mechanisms involved in pollutant sequestration, detoxification, and degradation, as well as evaluating and scaling up bioremediation processes. By gathering recent approaches and studies, this research seeks to enhance our knowledge of bioremediation techniques and contribute to habitat restoration efforts. The ultimate goal is to develop effective strategies for mitigating aquatic pollution and reducing atmospheric greenhouse gases, thereby promoting a greener and more sustainable planet.

To gather further insights in the realm of aquatic bioremediation, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
- Genetic and enzymatic mechanisms for pollutant sequestration and degradation
- Development and evaluation of pilot bioremediation plants at laboratory and pilot scales
- Scaling-up validated bioremediation approaches for large-scale applications
- Innovative strategies and technologies to enhance the efficiency of pollutant removal
- Studies on the role of aquatic microorganisms in the sequestration of heavy metals and greenhouse gases
- Degradation processes for hydrocarbons and plastics