Influence of Sleep and Recurrent Circadian Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health, Wellbeing, and Safety: From Shiftwork to Monday Mornings

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Background

Within modern 24-hour societies, work and social activities are extended far into the biological night, often at the cost of adequate sleep. This can oftentimes occur in the form of shiftwork, when some part of a person’s work schedule falls across nighttime hours, travel across time zones (i.e., jetlag) or from common daily or weekly misalignments, such as staying up late on the weekend to use technology but needing to awaken early on weekdays (i.e., social jetlag). However, it is well-established that chronic short sleep durations and recurrent circadian disruptions (i.e., wakefulness and eating during the night) that may arise from these behaviors are associated with a multitude of adverse health, wellbeing, and performance outcomes including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, poor mental health, and increases in safety incidents.

While much work has been focused on the relationships between short sleep, circadian timing, and cardiometabolic health and performance, only recently has evidence begun to elucidate mechanisms by which these behaviors result in poor cardiometabolic health and impaired safety. This is of particular importance as average sleep duration in the population has been precipitously declining across the decades and the need for 24-hour operations has grown. Notably, shift workers compose ~20% of the United States workforce as well as ~20% of the European Union workforce. Working during the night is associated with circadian disruption and impaired sleep.

The goal of this Research Topic is to highlight current mechanisms through original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, methods, and commentaries by which chronic sleep restriction and recurrent circadian disruption impair cardiometablic health and performance. Studies employing mechanistic, observational, and epidemiological methods to uncover mechanisms are welcome. Of particular interest are works on the following areas:

• Mechanisms by which sleep and circadian disruption lead to adverse cardiometabolic health and impaired performance.
• The role and potential mechanisms of sleep regularity in adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes and impaired performance.
• The interaction of racial health disparities with sleep, circadian disruption, health, and performance.
• The interaction of sex and gender with sleep, circadian disruption, health, and performance.
• Chronobiology-based interventions (i.e., chronotherapy or chronomedicine) to improve health and performance outcomes.

Keywords: Circadian misalignment, jet lag, social jet lag, sleep duration, sleep regularity

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