About this Research Topic
Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are grouped as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). IBD is a paradigmatic disease, associated with a multifaceted interplay between immunologic, microbial, genetic, and environmental factors. Both IBD subtypes are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with recurrent cycles of remission and relapse. The advancement of IBD knowledge has aided in the development of new therapies that have a high degree of success in counteracting intestinal inflammation. However, despite this advancement, more work needs to be undertaken to achieve a greater understanding of IBD pathogenesis, detect inflammation before it manifests clinically, introduce lifestyle changes, and finally develop drugs that can alter the disease's course.
In terms of inflammation, the study of pro-inflammatory immune-mediated activities has almost entirely dominated IBD pathogenesis research. However, the evaluation of immune responses to IBD must be analyzed also in the light of microbiome-derived results in order to consider the mechanisms of tissue injury. Indeed, the past two decades have seen an increase in studies suggesting the role of gut microbiota (GM), diet, intestinal barrier function, and mucosal immune response as key elements in IBD development, affecting the impaired cross-talk between GM and immune cells. Indeed, several probiotic organisms have been shown to increase the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells and macrophage phagocytosis, as well as mediate the adaptive immune responses elicited by subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), B- and T-cells, and enterocytes, favoring the regulation of gut homeostasis. However, despite the enormous progress that has been made, our knowledge of the specific microbiota members that mediate these effects and the mechanisms underlying these interactions in IBD is rudimentary. Microbiota, in addition to its direct interaction with mucosal structures, can also control host immunity by utilizing soluble chemical mediators, including cell wall elements, exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, bacteriocins, extracellular bacterial proteins, and bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides obtained from food, gut microbiota, or probiotics have been identified as immunomodulatory compounds in this regard.
This Research Topic therefore aims to collect Original Research and Review articles concerning new insights into the immunome and immunomodulation in IBD. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following areas of research:
• Investigation of immunome in IBD in the context of microbiome-derived effects
• Breakthroughs in the current understanding of the immunomodulation role in IBD pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment
• The prospect of IBD immunome in personalized medicine
In terms of inflammation, the study of pro-inflammatory immune-mediated activities has almost entirely dominated IBD pathogenesis research. However, the evaluation of immune responses to IBD must be analyzed also in the light of microbiome-derived results in order to consider the mechanisms of tissue injury. Indeed, the past two decades have seen an increase in studies suggesting the role of gut microbiota (GM), diet, intestinal barrier function, and mucosal immune response as key elements in IBD development, affecting the impaired cross-talk between GM and immune cells. Indeed, several probiotic organisms have been shown to increase the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells and macrophage phagocytosis, as well as mediate the adaptive immune responses elicited by subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), B- and T-cells, and enterocytes, favoring the regulation of gut homeostasis. However, despite the enormous progress that has been made, our knowledge of the specific microbiota members that mediate these effects and the mechanisms underlying these interactions in IBD is rudimentary. Microbiota, in addition to its direct interaction with mucosal structures, can also control host immunity by utilizing soluble chemical mediators, including cell wall elements, exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, bacteriocins, extracellular bacterial proteins, and bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides obtained from food, gut microbiota, or probiotics have been identified as immunomodulatory compounds in this regard.
This Research Topic therefore aims to collect Original Research and Review articles concerning new insights into the immunome and immunomodulation in IBD. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following areas of research:
• Investigation of immunome in IBD in the context of microbiome-derived effects
• Breakthroughs in the current understanding of the immunomodulation role in IBD pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment
• The prospect of IBD immunome in personalized medicine
Keywords: IBD, SCFA, Microbiome, Inflammation, immunity, immunomodulation, immunome
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