About this Research Topic
The increasing of the stability of biocatalysts is necessary for their industrial application. In this context, enzyme immobilization is a strategy that can facilitate their stabilization, purification, and reuse in industry. Enzymes can be immobilized on water-insoluble supports or either without supports via the Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEA) method. CLEAs are emerging as a promising technology capable of being used to manufacture robust immobilized protein aggregates. In general, the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates involve a stage of precipitation of enzymatic molecules and then a cross-linking stage of those produced. Cross-linking in these protein aggregates occurs by the action of a bifunctional reagent added to the reaction system. As a result, the aggregates become insoluble and maintain their high catalytic activity, more excellent stability, and low production cost.
The design of immobilized enzymes without support for biocatalysis involves the precipitation of enzyme molecules followed by cross-linking of the formed aggregates, and this method is called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA). Enzymatic aggregates kill themselves insoluble and, with their catalytic activity, concentrate thanks to bifunctional agents' bonds in the amino groups of the enzymes. In this way, another possibility of immobilizing enzymes free of supports is the cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs). Compared to soluble enzymes, CLECs are more robust, controllable in size, resistant to organic solvents, inactivation by heat or proteolysis. Furthermore, robust aggregates can be prepared by co-precipitation and cross-linking of two or more enzymes in 'combined CLEAs'. Combi-CLEAs can catalyze multiple cascade reactions. The intelligent CLEA or magnetic CLEAs technology is gaining prominence in industrial applications since the separation of the immobilized enzyme from other solids' reaction systems is facilitated. Magnetic CLEAs can be used in the conversion of biomass, for example. CLEAs can be prepared from a variety of enzymes for different industrial applications. In this context, the design of new CLEAs for industrial applications has gained prominence since their application generates correct environmental products and sustainable chemical systems.
This Research Topic aims to cover the promising and recent trends in the Designing Carrier-free Immobilized Enzymes for Biocatalysis and applications. In this opportunity, the authors are welcome to contribute Original Research articles, Mini- and full-length Reviews, and Communications on the related topics. Areas to cover in the Research Topic may include, but are not limited to:
· Multi-enzymes carrier-free coimmobilization
· Cascade reactions
· Multipoint carrier-free covalent attachment
· Enzyme stabilization by carrier-free immobilization
· Modulation of enzyme properties by carrier-free immobilization
· Multisubunit carrier-free immobilization
· Nanoparticles
· Carrier-free immobilized enzyme characterization
The design of immobilized enzymes without support for biocatalysis involves the precipitation of enzyme molecules followed by cross-linking of the formed aggregates, and this method is called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA). Enzymatic aggregates kill themselves insoluble and, with their catalytic activity, concentrate thanks to bifunctional agents' bonds in the amino groups of the enzymes. In this way, another possibility of immobilizing enzymes free of supports is the cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs). Compared to soluble enzymes, CLECs are more robust, controllable in size, resistant to organic solvents, inactivation by heat or proteolysis. Furthermore, robust aggregates can be prepared by co-precipitation and cross-linking of two or more enzymes in 'combined CLEAs'. Combi-CLEAs can catalyze multiple cascade reactions. The intelligent CLEA or magnetic CLEAs technology is gaining prominence in industrial applications since the separation of the immobilized enzyme from other solids' reaction systems is facilitated. Magnetic CLEAs can be used in the conversion of biomass, for example. CLEAs can be prepared from a variety of enzymes for different industrial applications. In this context, the design of new CLEAs for industrial applications has gained prominence since their application generates correct environmental products and sustainable chemical systems.
This Research Topic aims to cover the promising and recent trends in the Designing Carrier-free Immobilized Enzymes for Biocatalysis and applications. In this opportunity, the authors are welcome to contribute Original Research articles, Mini- and full-length Reviews, and Communications on the related topics. Areas to cover in the Research Topic may include, but are not limited to:
· Multi-enzymes carrier-free coimmobilization
· Cascade reactions
· Multipoint carrier-free covalent attachment
· Enzyme stabilization by carrier-free immobilization
· Modulation of enzyme properties by carrier-free immobilization
· Multisubunit carrier-free immobilization
· Nanoparticles
· Carrier-free immobilized enzyme characterization
Keywords: Coimmobilization, Cascade reactions, Enzyme stabilization, Multisubunit immobilization, Nanoparticles
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