Adaptive Optics for In Vivo Brain Imaging

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Background

Optical microscopy has demonstrated a unique ability to investigate the dynamic structures and functions of cellular and sub-cellular components in living organism. In neuroscience, this ability has been translated into imaging the activity and connections of neurons and their processes. However, refractive aberrations induced by biological tissues can limit imaging depth, reduce image quality and, ultimately, impair the assessment of the biological phenomenon of interest. By shaping the wavefront of light used by optical microscopes, adaptive optics methods correct for these aberrations, enabling subcellular-resolution imaging at depth. Advances in this technology seen in the last decade have provided substantial advantages in neuroscience studies. These include imaging large volumes with subcellular resolution in zebrafish larval brains, resolving synaptic structures throughout the mouse brain cortex and into the hippocampus, and recording calcium transients in dendritic spines and thalamocortical axons in deep layers of the mouse barrel cortex during active tactile sensing.

This Research Topic focused on adaptive optics for intravital brain imaging will provide an overview of this field. Recent technological and methodological advances in adaptive optics will be covered alongside current neuroscience research aided by adaptive optics. The goal is to showcase, in particular to the neuroscience community, the present and future potential of adaptive optics for intravital brain imaging in a collection of articles. We hope this effort will contribute to further facilitate the widespread adoption of these methods. We therefore seek Original Research, Review, and Perspective that cover the following topics:

• Adaptive optics for multiphoton/confocal and widefield microscopy of the brain
• Adaptive optics for super-resolution brain imaging
• Adaptive optics for volumetric brain imaging
• Adaptive optics and endo-microscopy
• Adaptive optics and polarization control
• Adaptive optics and experimental animal models (e.g.: mouse, fish, and fly)
• Adaptive optics in optical neuromodulation / stimulation / manipulations
• Advances in neuroscience enabled by adaptive optics
• Numerical methods and model-based approaches in adaptive optics
• Combining adaptive optics and scattering correction
• Other themes related to adaptive optics and in vivo imaging of the central nervous system

Keywords: adaptive optics, wavefront shaping, optical microscopy, in vivo imaging, brain imaging

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