Strategies Played by Immune Cells and Mycobacteria in the Battle between Antimicrobial Activity and Bacterial Survival

  • 19k

    Total downloads

  • 55k

    Total views and downloads

About this Research Topic

Submission closed

Background

The interaction between Mycobacteria and host cells involved in the immune response have evolved during tens of thousands of years to a battle between bacterial survival strategies vs the immune defense. Over 170 species of Mycobacterium can be pathogenic, opportunistic or avirulent; the immune response against each one of them is unique. Mycobacterial diseases, like leprosy and tuberculosis, two of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans, continue to be a public health problem around the world. Leprosy is still reported in more than 150 countries; however, it remains to be difficult to grow and genetically manipulate M. leprae or M. lepromatosis in vitro, making the study of the early interaction between the bacteria and host cells very challenging. Tuberculosis (TB), kills more than a million of people worldwide every year. As today, scientists around the world are trying to develop more effective vaccines than BCG and new therapeutics to fight the emergence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB. The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases are also increasing worldwide, particularly in industrialized countries. Currently, more than 120 NTM species have been reported; both rapidly and slow growing NTMs are implicated in pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. There are many challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines against mycobacterial diseases.

Success in establishing a mycobacterial infection depends on the ability of the bacteria to subvert the host cells defense mechanisms and also the ability to survive and proliferate inside the host cell. To survive, mycobacteria produce virulence factors that enhance adherence and invasion, as well as modulate the cascades of host cell signaling and trafficking. Understanding of mycobacteria-host cell interaction, immunological properties, and defensive mechanisms will provide development of better preventives and therapeutics against TB, leprosy, and NTM diseases.

Our Research Topic highlights recent advances in mycobacteria-host cell interaction studies, including cellular and molecular targets of mycobacterial diseases, mycobacteria-mediated cell death mechanisms, host cell factors/pathways that act on mycobacteria to contain the infection, and immune evasion mechanisms utilized by mycobacteria. Understanding of the mechanisms of mycobacteria-host interaction at the cellular level will contribute crucial insights into the development of mycobacterial diseases new treatments and vaccines.

We welcome submissions of original research and review articles covering on the following principal aspects:
• Host immune responses and mechanisms to control infection with M. leprae, M. lepromatosis, M. ulcerans, M. tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria
• Mycobacterial strategies and mechanisms used to escape or evade host defense system
• Activation of antimicrobial signaling pathways: the role of autophagy and antimicrobial peptides against mycobacterial infection.
• Cytosolic pathogen recognition pathways and inflammasome activation in response to mycobacteria
• Epigenetics related to immune protection or pathogenesis during mycobacterial diseases
• Immunometabolism crosstalks with host defense in mycobacterial infections

Keywords: leprosy, mycobacterial diseases, cell death, cellular targets, immune evasion, autophagy, mycobacteria - host cell interactions

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Frequently asked questions

  • Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

    Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

  • The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

    Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

  • As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

    A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

  • Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and it falls under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

    In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

  • Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

    As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

    Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

  • Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

    Check available article types here 

  • Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

    Suggest your topic here 

  • A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

    The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

  • As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

    You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

  • As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

  • If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

  • Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

  • Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

  • As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

    Find out more about our Research Topics

  • Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

    Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

  • In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.

Participating Journals

Impact

  • 55kTopic views
  • 35kArticle views
  • 19kArticle downloads
View impact