Neural Bases of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders and Their Neuromodulation Treatments

Over the last decades, the prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders has expanded globally causing widespread social and economic burden, made worse by the lack of effective treatments. As a result of the side effects of traditional medications, non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and so on, have been applied to treat the neurological and psychiatric disorders and showed promising therapeutic advantages. Given the different mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of these techniques, it is crucial to identify the fundamental neural circuitry basis affected in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and schizophrenia, and the circuits involved in the effectiveness of the neuromodulation, in order to better direct the clinical treatment. More recently, a lot of studies have explored the neural bases of medication treatment. Although neuromodulation has been widely applied in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, the fundamental neural basis of each technique (TMS, tDCS, ECT etc.) is still controversial since each treatment uses different stimulation targets and strategies.
This Research Topic aims to provide a systematical overview of current developments and methodological advances in neurological and psychiatric disorders and their neuromodulation treatment mechanisms in both humans and animals to build the treatment standard for each neuromodulation technique.
Manuscripts employing innovative research strategies and advanced techniques to reveal the neural bases of neurological and psychiatric disorders and the neuromodulation treatment in humans and animals are encouraged to contribute to this Research Topic.
We are particularly interested in the following topics:
• Original research delineating the neural bases of neurological and psychiatric disorders and neuromodulation treatments using advanced and innovative research strategies and techniques in humans and animals.
• Systematic qualitative reviews on current developments in the field, including methodological developments and conceptual advances.
• Quantitative (meta-analytic) reviews that address important aspects and current controversies in the field.