The Evolving Role of Immunotherapy in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers

  • 13k

    Total downloads

  • 58k

    Total views and downloads

Download PDFDownload EPUB

Submit your idea

You will be redirected to our submission process.

Submit your manuscript

About this Research Topic

Submission closed

Background

The term “non-melanoma skin cancer” (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, some of which are very common, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and others which are very rare, including Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. NMSC represents the most frequently diagnosed human cancer and its incidence is constantly growing. Although the majority of NMSC are treated with conventional surgery and/or radiotherapy, a small percentage of patients progress to locally advanced or metastatic disease, mainly due to patient negligence, comorbidities, or immunosuppression. In these circumstances, systemic treatment may be indicated. Until recently, effective therapy remained an area of significant unmet clinical need. Improved understanding of molecular and immune pathogenesis has been critical to driving and developing new therapeutic advances, particularly towards immunotherapy. Thanks to their high mutational tumor burden and the consequent high neoantigen burden, all NMSCs are theoretically suitable for immunotherapy; albeit the robustness of their immunological response is quite different. Moreover, in the face of a powerful immune reaction, many patients progress or do not respond to modern immunotherapy due to resistance or immunoescape mechanisms.

Advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has no effective treatment option beyond the Hedgehog inhibitors. BCC harbors a high genetic mutational and neoantigen burden, which is reported to be among the highest in any human cancer. Moreover, high PD-L1 expression was observed in the BCC micro-environment in close geographic association to PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Finally, during Hedgehog inhibitor treatment, an up-regulation of MHC I expression and an influx of CD4, HLA-DR-class II, and CD8 cells with invasion into the tumor cell nests were reported. Cases of response to anti-PD1 antibodies have been recently reported in patients with Hedgehog inhibitor-resistance.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is often associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation that causes gene mutations and neoantigens appearance. Before the era of immunotherapy, no other medical therapy had proven to significantly change the clinical history of these patients. Recent studies with immunological checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated an objective response of about 50%, with approximately 10% of complete responses, and approximately 80% of one-year survival.

Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of skin cancer, particularly common in elderly people. Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of MCC including polyomavirus, ultraviolet radiation exposure, and weakened immune function. In the advanced disease, systemic chemotherapy was used in the past with disappointing results. Checkpoint inhibitors anti–PD1/anti-PDL1 have recently been investigated for first and second-line treatment, reporting positive outcomes. Data in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings are also very promising.

The aim of this Research Topic is to provide clinicians an overview of innovative systemic treatments for NMSC, mainly oriented towards immunotherapy. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, as well as future therapeutic directions, will also be highlighted. We’d like to also encourage innovative therapeutic approaches through integrated basic research strategies.
We welcome Reviews or Original Research manuscripts that explore, but are not limited to, the following themes:
● The rationale for immunotherapy in non-melanoma skin cancers
● Immunotherapy in basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and/or Merkel-cell carcinoma: current therapeutic options and future directions
● Adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches in non-melanoma skin cancer

Keywords: non-melanoma skin cancer, immunotherapy, immune supression, differential diagnosis, dermoscopy

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Topic editors

Frequently asked questions

  • Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

    Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

  • The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

    Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

  • As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

    A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

  • Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and it falls under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

    In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

  • Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

    As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

    Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

     

  • Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

    Check available article types here 

  • Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

    Suggest your topic here 

  • A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

    The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

  • As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

     

    You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

  • As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

  • If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

  • Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

  • Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

  • As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

    Find out more about our Research Topics

  • Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

    Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

  • In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.

     

Impact

  • 58kTopic views
  • 44kArticle views
  • 13kArticle downloads
View impact