Nanomedicine and the Cardiovascular System

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About this Research Topic

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Background

Adverse cardiovascular effects are a concern specially for non-cardiovascular drugs, meaning drugs used to treat other diseases. For example, infections, psychotropic drugs, antihistaminic, new investigational substances, formulations of old drugs or any medicinal product. Drug induced cardiotoxicity is the induction of cardiovascular adverse or toxic effects leading to an additional morbidity or even mortality. The QT/QTc interval prolongation and pro-arrhythmic potential clinical evaluations for non-antiarrhythmic drugs have defined important biomarkers for potential cardiotoxicity studies and this topic is still growing both in experimental and clinical studies. Cardio-protection is the capacity of therapeutic schemes (involving a drug or any strategy) to prevent events such as myocardium ischemia, infarction and arrhythmias, and to reduce or prevent atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, which have called extensively for non-clinical and clinical investigations to better understand the physiopathology and underlying causes of these diseases, particularly related to strategies of prevention and treatment. Among them nanomedicine has appeared as a promising approach to modify cardiovascular interaction with active substances. The effects of nanomedicines on cardiovascular systems are mainly related to cardio-protection, cardiotoxicity and strategies of targeting the heart and vessels, which are important options in therapy though poorly reported to date.

In this Research Topic the main focus is to report state of the art uses of nanomedicines to improve cardio-protection and/or to reduce cardiotoxicity of drugs/bioactives in basic and applied science. Another point is the use of nanotechnological approaches to selectively target the cardiovascular system. Nanodevices are able, in certain applications, to prolong the release of a drug in the cardiovascular system, or even to prevent off-target drug effects in the heart. As such, the aim of this Research Topic is to cover promising, recent, and novel research trends in nanomedicine and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Here we would like to call for original experimental (non-clinical) and clinical research articles, controlled trials, observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving the use of nanomedicine and its cardiovascular effects. A major concern is related to use of non-cardiovascular target drugs that present adverse effects on cardiovascular systems.

Accordingly, this Research Topic welcomes, but is not limited to, the following themes:

• Strategies including the use of nanotechnology to improve management of cardiovascular disease
• Novel information and communication tools in the assessment of new nanomedicines directed to the heart
• Strategies to target cardiovascular systems for nanomedicines
• Interactions between cardiomyocytes and nanostructures
• Approaches to improve cardiovascular selectivity with nanomedicine
• Mechanisms of nanomedicine action on cardiovascular systems
• Nanomedicine-associated drugs aiming to obtain cardio-protection and other effects
• Clinical and non-clinical studies comparing drugs associated with nanostructures on cardiovascular systems
• Cellular pathways of interaction with drugs associated with nanomedicines related to cardiovascular systems
• Efficacy, side-effects, adherence, accessibility and affordability of pharmacological and under-studied non-pharmacological interventions using nanodevices
• Drug cardiotoxicity mechanisms, descriptions and acceptable nanotechnological approaches to overcome and reach cardio-protection
• The scientific bases for guidelines and decisions of regulatory authorities related to nanomedicines and screening of its effects on the cardiovascular system
• New in vivo and in vitro models, protocols and adaptations to study nanomedicine effects on cardiovascular systems
• Proof-of-concept studies related to the effects of nanomedicine on heart physiology

Keywords: Nanomedicine, Cardioprotection, Cardiotoxicity, Cardiovascular System, Drug Delivery System

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