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14 Oct 2022

New walking robot design could revolutionize how we build things in space

By Suzanna Burgelman, Frontiers science writer Image: Shutterstock.com Researchers have designed a state-of-the-art walking robot that could revolutionize large construction projects in space. They tested the feasibility of the robot for the in-space assembly of a 25m Large Aperture Space Telescope. They present their findings in Frontiers in Robotics and AI. A scaled-down prototype of the robot also showed promise for large construction applications on Earth. Maintenance and servicing of large constructions are nowhere more needed than in space, where the conditions are extreme and human technology has a short lifespan. Extravehicular activities (activities done by an astronaut outside a spacecraft), robotics, and autonomous systems solutions have been useful for servicing and maintenance missions and have helped the space community conduct ground-breaking research on various space missions. Advancements in robotics and autonomous systems facilitate a multitude of in-space services. This includes, but is not limited to, manufacturing, assembly, maintenance, astronomy, earth observation, and debris removal. With the countless risks involved, only relying on human builders is not enough, and current technologies are becoming outdated.  “We need to introduce sustainable, futuristic technology to support the current and growing orbital ecosystem,” explained corresponding author Manu Nair, PhD candidate at the University of […]

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15 Sep 2022

Trash talk: article collections on where our waste ends up

What happens to our trash when we throw it away? How much actually gets recycled? We have gathered our top article collections on waste management. With collective views of over 1.7 million, researchers explored topics spanning from the behavioral analysis of using plastic bags and how to recycle building materials to technologies that filter out litter in the ocean and mapping where restaurant trash goes. Article collections: Food waste 10 articles | 143,000 views A systematic approach to measuring food loss because reducing food waste is imperative to mitigating the impacts of climate change worldwide and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on food security, hunger eradication and sustainable production and consumption Urban sanitation services 14 articles | 174,000 views Critically evaluating existing alternative approaches to urban sanitation, introducing new city-wide equitable sanitation concepts and solutions and providing policy guidance towards adequate, equitable and safely managed urban sanitation services Waste management 5 articles | 28,000 views Addressing the growing interest in sustainable food systems, including management practices to reduce wastage and the ecological footprint of the firms at the end of the food chain like retail, accommodation and the F&B sector Cleaning litter 18 articles | 51,000 views Developing and […]

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14 Sep 2022

Frontiers ebook releases: September 2022

Download the top ebook releases from this month, including the special issues on recent developments in food spoilage and shelf life, the psychological and physiological benefits of the arts, a comprehensive study of cryptocurrency transaction networks, the role of milk in nutrition across the lifespan, the latest on water-related natural disasters in mountainous areas and many more! All ebooks are free to download, share and distribute. Shape the future of your field — and publish your own ebook — by editing a special collection around your research area. Learn more about Research Topics or submit your suggestion. The Psychological and Physiological Benefits of the ArtsEdited by Vicky (Vassiliki) Karkou; Nisha Sajnani; Felicity Anne Baker; Jenny M Groarke; Hod Orkibi; Johanna Czamanski-Cohen; Maria Eugenia Panero; Jennifer Drake; Corinne JolaPDFPsychedelic Sociality: Pharmacological and Extrapharmacological PerspectivesEdited by Leor Roseman; Katrin H Preller; Michael James Winkelman; Evgenia FotiouPDFStrengthening Health System and Community Responses to Confront COVID-19 Pandemic in Resource-Scare SettingsEdited by Jongnam Hwang; Thi H Do; Bach TranPDFThe Consequences of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of StudentsEdited by Haibo Yang; Li Wang; Chang LiuPDFMilks Mean More: The Role of Milk in Nutrition, Digestion and Metabolism Across the LifespanEdited by Nicole Clemence Roy; David A. Sela; […]

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29 Aug 2022

41% of teenagers can’t tell the difference between true and fake online health messages

By Suzanna Burgelman, science writer Image: Shutterstock.com A new study has found that teenagers have a hard time discerning between fake and true health messages. Only 48% of the participants trusted accurate health messages (without editorial elements) more than fake ones. Meanwhile, 41% considered fake and true neutral messages equally trustworthy and 11% considered true neutral health messages less trustworthy than fake health messages. The results highlight a need for better training of teenagers to navigate a world where fake health news is so widespread. Health mis- and disinformation are a serious public health concern, with an increased spread of fake health news on social media platforms in the last few years. Previous research has shown that online health messages are mostly incomplete and inaccurate and have potentially harmful health information. Fake health news can lead to poor health choices, risk-taking behavior, and loss of trust in health authorities. “There has been an explosion of misinformation in the area of health during the Covid-19 pandemic,” said principal investigator Dr Radomír Masaryk, of Comenius University. Most research on message credibility has focused on adults. Masaryk and his colleagues have now investigated whether teenagers are equipped to tackle the high volume of […]

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15 Aug 2022

Humans have totally altered small mammal communities in just a few centuries

By Suzanna Burgelman, science writer Image: Paul Abrahams/Shutterstock.com Researchers have found that small mammal communities today are fundamentally different from even a few centuries ago, during North America’s pre-colonial past. They identified small mammal remains from the Anthropocene and archaeological Holocene along a geographical area with varying degrees of human impact and examined diversity across these sites and time periods. Optimistically, the researchers also found that even small, protected spaces can conserve native small mammal communities, highlighting their important role in urban conservation projects. Characterized by rapid climate change, pollution, and landscape alteration, the Anthropocene is an unofficial unit of geological time and is defined as the most recent period in Earth’s history (from the 1950s to present) when human activity started to have a significant impact on the planet’s ecosystems and climate. This impact is increasingly modifying natural ecosystems and threatening biodiversity, for example by quickly expanding urbanization. Researchers at Stanford University have now discovered that modern small mammal communities from the Anthropocene are less diverse and are differently structured then even a few centuries ago, during the Holocene (around 500 years ago), showing the extent of the impacts of human activities on our ecosystems. The results were published […]

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15 Aug 2022

Back to school: article collections to get you ready for the new academic year

As the new academic year begins, we have gathered our top article collections on education. With collective views of over 2.9 million, researchers explored topics spanning from the natural world as a resource for learning and advancements in technology-based assessment to overcoming inequalities in schools and gendered paths into STEM. Article collections: School meals and cognition 14 articles | 199,000 views Addressing the importance of school nutrition programs as a key component in meeting nutritional, cognitive, educational, social, economic and cultural needs of children, adolescents, their families and communities New educational technologies 14 articles | 139,000 views Highlighting the impact new technologies can exert on students’ adaptation and well-being in everyday school life, both in terms of facilitating the learning process and in terms of sustaining self-esteem and self-efficacy feelings Inequalities in schools 10 articles | 157,000 views Explaining the mechanisms and effects of inequalities in the achievement patterns, dropout rates, disengagement in the school experiences of children and youth traditionally excluded Effective pedagogy 13 articles | 192,000 views The impact of higher educational programs on the student-teacher relationship, student learning, achievement, and identity Covid-19 consequences for education 18 articles | 323,000 views A comprehensive overview of the mid- and […]

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12 Aug 2022

Frontiers ebook releases: August 2022

Download the top ebook releases from this month, including the special issues on the high risk of Covid-19 related complications in people with diabetes, investigating the sperm mechanisms of formation and function, translational advances in neurodegenerative dementias, new decision-making tools for digital agriculture, AI for healthcare delivery during the pandemic and many more! All ebooks are free to download, share and distribute. Shape the future of your field — and publish your own ebook — by editing a special collection around your research area. Learn more about Research Topics or submit your suggestion. COVID-19 – Social Science Research during a PandemicEdited by Paul Russell Ward; Paul Bissell; Samantha B Meyer; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Pande Putu Januraga; Dukjin Chang; Linda LombiPDFSocial Convergence in Times of Spatial Distancing: The Role of Music During the COVID-19 PandemicEdited by Niels Chr. Hansen; Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann; Jane Whitfield DavidsonPDFNeural Electroceuticals: Interfacing with the Nervous System with Electrical StimulationEdited by Giovanni Mirabella; Mikhail Lebedev; Alberto Priori; Julie Duque; Alexei Ossadtchi; Simone Rossi; Olivier DavidPDFThe Consequences of COVID-19 on the Mental Well-being of Parents, Children and AdolescentsEdited by Emma Sorbring; Kirby Deater-Deckard; Soly I Erlandsson; Ylva SvenssonPDFTranslational Advances in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other Neurodegenerative DementiasEdited by Jiehui Jiang; Kuangyu […]

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09 Aug 2022

Traces of 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill still detectable in 2020

By K.E.D. Coan, science writer Image: Breck P. Kent/Shutterstock.com Small amounts of highly weathered oil residues from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster were still present in the surroundings ten years later, shows a new report. Crude oil is a complex mixture with many components that undergo chemical reactions in the environment. These transformed chemicals, as well as longer persisting oil products, can impact local ecosystems and a better understanding of the fates of these molecules can help future clean-up efforts. The oil spilled during the Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010 was largely transformed by the end of that summer, reports a new study in Frontiers in Marine Science. But some small quantities of chemical residues still persisted in the environment even ten years later. This latest study follows the varied fates of the leaked petroleum components, providing important insights for future spills and clean-up efforts. “The better we understand the chemicals and their chemical reactive properties as well as their physical properties, the better we will be able to mitigate oil spills and understand and detect environmental damages from oil spills,” said first author Prof Edward Overton of Louisiana State University. “Our paper describes the most abundant chemicals that make […]

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05 Aug 2022

Worrying finding in California’s multi-billion-dollar climate initiative reveals problem with using forests to offset CO2 emissions

By Suzanna Burgelman, Frontiers science writer Image: Zack Frank/Shutterstock.com Researchers have found that California’s forest carbon buffer pool, designed to ensure the durability of the state’s multi-billion-dollar carbon offset program, is severely undercapitalized. The results show that, within the offset program’s first 10 years, estimated carbon losses from wildfires have depleted at least 95% of the contributions set aside to protect against all fire risks over 100 years. This means that the buffer pool is unable to guarantee that credited forest carbon remains out of the atmosphere for at least 100 years. The results, published in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, illustrate that the program, one of the world’s largest, is likely not meeting its set requirements. Carbon offset programs have become popular action plans to combat the climate crisis. California’s carbon offset program was established to utilize the ability of trees to absorb and store carbon and applies to around 75% of statewide emissions allowances. The program allows forest owners to earn ‘carbon credits’ for preserving trees. Polluters buy credits so that they can emit more CO2 than they’d otherwise be allowed to under state law. Each credit represents one ton of CO2. This exchange is supposed to […]

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20 Jul 2022

Heat wave: article collections on the global impact of rising temperatures

As the temperature rises this summer, we have gathered our top article collections on how heat effects us and the planet. With collective views of over 1 million, researchers were fired up by topics spanning from plant heat stress and weather extremes in the urban environment to marine heatwaves and human heat acclimation. Article collections: Wild fires 16 articles | 104,000 views Addressing our current understanding of wildland fires, with a specific focus on engineering approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of fires Human heat acclimation 13 articles | 95,000 views Recent advances in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the adaptive process in vulnerable populations, and whether heat acclimation is beneficial for all populations Marine heatwaves 23 articles | 285,000 views A comprehensive overview of current research on marine heatwaves from across the range of marine science disciplines, covering physical processes through ecological impacts Drought and water scarcity 19 articles | 76,000 views Highlighting critical gaps in our understanding of water scarcity and setting urgent priorities for research and action, providing an international platform for generating an integrated perspective on this complex and socially constructed environmental hazard Overheated animals 7 articles | 29,000 views Demonstrating that climate change […]

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19 Jul 2022

Frontiers ebook releases: July 2022

Download the top ebook releases from this month, including the special issues on achievements in earthquake forecasting, progress of molds and yeasts in fermented food production, solutions to complex ocean challenges from early career marine scientists, how the pandemic affected learning in formal and informal settings, new perspectives on chemo-radiation resistance in cancer therapy and many more! All ebooks are free to download, share and distrubute. Shape the future of your field — and publish your own ebook — by editing a special collection around your research area. Learn more about Research Topics or submit your suggestion. Achievements and New Frontiers in Research Oriented to Earthquake ForecastingEdited by Giovanni Martinelli; Antonella Peresan; Ying LiPDFCancer Immunotherapies: From Efficacy to Resistance MechanismsEdited by Morten Hansen; Janin Chandra; Fernando Guimaraes; Nicolas Jacquelot; Yoshinobu Koguchi; Nathalie LABARRIERE; Ilaria Marigo; Lazar VujanovicPDFChemo-Radiation-Resistance in Cancer TherapyEdited by Zhe-Sheng Chen; Xiaoping Lin; Dexin KongPDFDementia in Low and Middle Income CountriesEdited by Christopher Butler; Agustin Ibanez; Mario Alfredo Parra; Huali Wang; Kit Yee Chan; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Tala Al-Rousan; Suvarna Alladi; Kirsten Bobrow; Stefania Ilinca; Elissaios Karageorgiou; Ophir Keret; Maira Okada de Oliveira; Geeske PeetersPDFEmerging Technology for Monitoring and Treatment in Critical CareEdited by Koichiro Shinozaki; Taka-aki Nakada; Chih-Hsien […]

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18 Jul 2022

Verbal insults trigger a ‘mini slap to the face’, finds new research

By Suzanna Burgelman, Frontiers science writer Image: Ken stocker/Shutterstock.com Hearing insults is like receiving a “mini slap in the face”, regardless of the precise context the insult is made in. That is the conclusion of a new paper published in Frontiers in Communication. The researchers used electroencephalography (EEG) and skin conductance recordings to compare the short-term impact of repeated verbal insults to that of repeated positive or neutral evaluations. The results provide us with a unique opportunity to research the intersection between emotion and language. Humans are a highly social species. We rely on ever-changing cooperation dynamics and interpersonal relations to survive and thrive. Words have a big role to play in these relations, as they are tools used to understand interpersonal behavior. As such, words can hurt, but we know little about how the impact of words comes about as someone processes an insult. “The exact way in which words can deliver their offensive, emotionally negative payload at the moment these words are being read or heard is not yet well-understood,” said corresponding author Dr Marijn Struiksma, of Utrecht University. Because insults pose a threat against our reputation and against our ‘self’, they provide a unique opportunity to research […]

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15 Jul 2022

Is declaring a climate emergency enough to stop the climate crisis? What we can learn from the Covid-19 pandemic

By Jordi Mazon, David Pino, and Mireia Vinyoles Image: Piyaset/Shutterstock.com Dr. Jordi Mazon is professor of meteorology at the Department of physics in the Technical University of Catalonia (BarcelonaTech) and teaches higher-level physics in the international baccalaureate in Aula higher school in Barcelona. In addition, he is currently Deputy Mayor of energy transition, mobility, and city cleaning management in Viladecans, a municipality of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. His research is focused on several topics of the atmospheric physics, the numerical simulation of coastal fronts, and severe meteorological events. Now, he explains what lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic we can apply to our fight against the climate crisis. If someone looks up the definition of emergency in any dictionary (for example in the Cambridge Dictionary), the following description can be read: “something dangerous or serious, that happens suddenly or unexpectedly and needs fast action in order to avoid harmful results for people or properties”. Keeping in mind the recent declaration of the state of emergency due to the climate crisis  by many scientists, administrations, and institutions worldwide, it is clear that fast actions must be taken to avoid harmful results for human societies and the Earth’s ecosystems. Accepting the declaration […]

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13 Jul 2022

Rats can learn to navigate by watching their friends, helping us learn more about our own ‘internal GPS’

By Suzanna Burgelman, Frontiers science writer Image credit: Jesus Cobaleda/Shutterstock.com Researchers are one step closer to understanding the ‘internal GPS’ of animals and humans, by investigating whether rats can learn spaces just by observation. In a new study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, the researchers show that rats do not need to physically explore an environment to learn about a specific location; simply observing another rat is sufficient. Learning by observation has been reported in invertebrates (for example in bees), birds, fish, and mammals. Learning new tasks and environments is critical to the survival and well-being of an individual.  “Learning by observation is the most common form of learning from school to daily life,” said author Dr Thomas Doublet, of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. ► Read original article► Download original article (pdf) Brain maps Research has shown that animals and humans can navigate distances and spaces thanks to the formation of cognitive maps. Functional cell types have been suggested that underlie cognitive mapping processes in the brain, among them grid cells, border cells, head direction cells, and place cells. A place cell, for example, is a neuron in the hippocampus that becomes active when an animal enters a […]

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05 Jul 2022

Zapping our tastebuds can help reduce our salt intake

By Peter Rejcek, science writer Image: YAKOBCHUK VIACHESLAV/Shutterstock.com Most people consume too much salt in their diet, leading to high blood pressure and other health issues. Researchers have discovered a novel way to enhance the saltiness, and even potentially the savoriness, of low-sodium food using electrical stimulation of the tongue through a chopstick-shaped utensil. The concept has applications in other fields, such as stimulating taste as part of a virtual reality experience. An estimated 2.5m deaths each year could be prevented globally if individuals cut back their salt consumption to the recommended daily intake of less than five grams, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Now, Japanese researchers may have found a healthier way for people to enjoy the full flavor of salty foods while still adhering to a low-sodium diet. Scientists at Meiji University and Kirin, a Japanese food and beverage company, have developed a chopstick-like device that uses a weak electrical charge to stimulate how the tongue experiences saltiness. The research is published in the journal Frontiers in Virtual Reality. Previous studies have described how introducing a weak electrical current to the tongue can affect the charged ions that make up sodium chloride to either inhibit or […]