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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1394675

Research publications and global marketing of veterinary vaccines against avian influenza: 2019-2023 technological surveillance

Provisionally accepted
Anibal Dominguez Odio Anibal Dominguez Odio 1Ernesto Rodríguez Martínez Ernesto Rodríguez Martínez 2Mayelin Paneque Zayas Mayelin Paneque Zayas 1Daniel Cala Daniel Cala 3*
  • 1 LABIOFAM, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
  • 2 Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics and Physics of Cuba (ICIMAF), La Habana, Cuba
  • 3 Grupo de Investigación en Ciencia Animal, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The characteristics of the avian influenza virus-and its concerning worldwide spread-have led to intense and unprecedented scientific and industrial production. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the best strategies to prevent epidemiological events in the future. Thus, this study aimed to identify the research, production technology, and commercial trends of veterinary vaccines against avian influenza type A in farm animals and pets during the period 2019-2023. The Scopus database was used as the primary source of information (12,162 keywords, 2,437 scientific articles, 659 academic journals, and 46 countries) for the academic analysis, while technical information posted on official institutional websites (136 commercial formulations, 24 companies, and 17 countries) was collected to conduct the industrial analysis. The terms "influenza vaccine" (50.5%, 6,144/12,162) and "controlled study" (n = 3,045, 25.0%) exhibited the highest frequencies of use in science; the journal Vaccine was the most productive in terms of articles (11.8%, 288/2,437), and the countries with the most publications were the USA (25.5%, 622/2,437) and China (23.1%, 564/2,437). The most internationally marketed vaccines were inactivated (86.0%, 117/136), avian (47.1%, 64/136), and combined (52.2%, 71/136) vaccines as well as those containing Newcastle antigens (38.0%, 27/71). In conclusion, despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the scientific and industrial sectors that affect the global dominance of inactivated vaccines for the prevention of avian influenza type A in farm animals and pets in the short term.

    Keywords: Avian influenzavirus, Vaccination, comercial vaccine, farm animals, Pets, Technological surveillance

    Received: 01 Mar 2024; Accepted: 10 Feb 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Dominguez Odio, Rodríguez Martínez, Paneque Zayas and Cala. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Daniel Cala, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencia Animal, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.