95% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good
Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.
Find out more
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Developmental Psychology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1568132
Raising to Conformity without Strictness: Is it Achievable?
Provisionally accepted- 1 University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 2 University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
Background: The prevailing belief that parental strictness is optimal for children is not uniformly supported by recent research. Contrary to the traditional notion that strictness is necessary to ensure children's conformity to social norms, contemporary studies question its necessity. This study aims to analyze how two main parenting dimensions, warmth and strictness, are related to the psychosocial adjustment of children. Method: A sample of 1,224 Spanish adolescents and young adults was examined, divided into two groups: adolescents aged 12-18 years (51.14%) and young adults aged 19-35 years (48.86%). Adolescent participants were recruited from high schools while young adults were recruited from university courses. Children (i.e., adolescent and young adult offspring) responded to an online questionnaire that included all measures: parenting dimensions (warmth and strictness) and children’s psychosocial adjustment criteria (emotional self-concept, self-esteem, social competence, and conformity). Power analyses (a priori and sensitivity analyses) were applied to ensure sufficient sample sizes to achieve adequate power. Cohen’s d values from correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Beta confidence intervals were analyzed to relate parenting dimensions, sex and age to self-concept, self-esteem, social competence, and conformity. Results: The statistical analysis plainly indicated that parental warmth was positively associated with criteria for child psychosocial adjustment, including self-esteem, social competence, and conformity. This relationship was consistent across both adolescents and young adults. Conversely, parental strictness was either negatively related to or not significantly associated with these criteria. Conclusions: This study clearly suggests that, completely contrary to expectations that strict parenting might be a need component to raising psychosocial adjustment, parental warmth, rather than strictness, is more effective in promoting children's psychosocial adjustment.
Keywords: Parenting dimensions, child adjustment, Adolescent children, Adult Children, Conformity values, psychosocial adjustment
Received: 28 Jan 2025; Accepted: 27 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Alcaide, Garcia, Gómez-Ortiz and Garcia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Oscar F. Garcia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.