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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Perception Science
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1541546
Toronto Ethnically Diverse (TED) Face Database: A multi-faceted stimulus set
Provisionally accepted- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
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Face stimuli are often used in psychological and neuroimaging research to assess perceptual, cognitive, social, and emotional processes. Many available face databases, however, have limited diversity in ethnicity, emotional expression, gaze direction, and/or pose, which constrains their utility to specific contexts. Having a diverse face database can mitigate these biases and may help researchers investigate novel topics that examine the effects of ethnicity on these processes. The Toronto Ethnically Diverse (TED) face database is designed to provide an open-access set of 271 unique White, Black, East-Asian, South-Asian, South-East Asian, Middle Eastern, Multi-racial and Indigenous adult models. The TED database includes diversity in race, gender, pose, gaze direction, and three emotion variations (neutral, open-mouth happiness, closed-mouth happiness). Psychometric results are provided describing the initial reliability, valence, intensity, and genuineness ratings of the stimuli based on judgments of the emotional expressions. The TED face database will be useful to researchers seeking to study underrepresented groups and to other broad groups of researchers who are studying face perception.
Keywords: face stimuli, face perception, Ethnically diverse, Emotion Expression, eye gaze
Received: 08 Dec 2024; Accepted: 11 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Latif, Sugden, O'hagan and Moulson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Menahal Latif, Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.