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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Quantitative Psychology and Measurement
Volume 16 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1473821
Extending the game immersion questionnaire for online users
Provisionally accepted- 1 RISEBA University, Riga, Latvia
- 2 Latvian Prison Administration, Riga, Latvia
- 3 Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
The Game Immersion Questionnaire (GIQ), conceived by Cheng, Shet, and Annetta in 2015, serves as a tool for evaluating immersion within the realm of online gaming. Immersion is a crucial psychological state experienced by users interacting with digital environments, influencing their engagement, engrossment, and total involvement. The original GIQ was structured around seven first-order factors and three second-order factors: (1) the three first-order factorsattraction, time investment, and usabilityform the second-order factor, Engagement; (2) emotional attachment and decreased perceptions, the two first-order factors, form the second-order factor, Engrossment; and (3) presence and empathy, the remaining two first-order factors, form the second-order factor, Total Immersion. This study extends the GIQ to capture the immersion experiences of a more expansive cohort of online users beyond gamers. The extended GIQ was administered to a cohort of active internet users from Latvia (n = 227), aged 13 to 65 (M = 26.6, SD = 8.4), with 53.7% identifying as female, 33% as male, and 13.2% as nonbinary. Factor analysis revealed three firstorder factors -Engagement, Engrossment, and Total Immersionthat together form a global second-order factor named the Level of Immersion in the Digital Environment. The extended GIQ aims to provide insights into the immersion experiences of a more diverse range of online users across various digital environments.
Keywords: Digital immersion, levels of immersion, engagement, engrossment, Total immersion
Received: 21 Oct 2024; Accepted: 28 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Dombrovskis, Ļevina and Ruza. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Valērijs Dombrovskis, RISEBA University, Riga, Latvia
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