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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychol.
Sec. Psychology for Clinical Settings
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1472259

Article Title

Provisionally accepted
Azadeh Eghbalmanesh Azadeh Eghbalmanesh 1Abbas Ebadi Abbas Ebadi 2*Mohammad Zoladl Mohammad Zoladl 3Zahra Rasoul zadeh haghighi Zahra Rasoul zadeh haghighi 4
  • 1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  • 2 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 3 Associate Professor of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  • 4 Medical Studant, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Introduction: ECT is one of the most effective treatments for psychiatric patients. The results of several studies have reported ECT-related anxiety, which makes the patients ignore the advantages of the treatment and subsequently avoid it. Adopting an appropriate instrument to evaluate and manage this anxiety is so significant. Since there is no valid questionnaire to assess the patients' anxiety for ECT in Persian, we aimed to translate the EARQ into Persian and evaluate its validity and reliability in the present study.In this methodological study, 170 patients with MDD, BMD, and schizophrenia aged 20-73 were recruited through convenience sampling and completed the 17-item EARQ in 2023. We used all aspects of face, content, and construct validity for the questionnaire. McDonald's Omega was calculated for the domains and 17 items to assess the reliability of the questionnaire.Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed three factors, death anxiety, physical concern, and mental concern. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated moderate fit indices to support the three domains: CMIN/DF = 4.8 (p <0/05), RMSEA = 0.152, CFI = 0.92, and NFI = 0.91; GFI = 0.72. In our study, McDonald's Omega was 0.965 for death anxiety, 0.91 for physical concerns, 0.964 for brain concerns, and a total of 0.98.The EARQ has acceptable validity and reliability, so specialists can use it to assess patients' anxiety before ECT and, according to the score, use suitable interventions to eliminate it.

    Keywords: Anxiety, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Persian version, Psychiatric patients, psychometric properties

    Received: 29 Jul 2024; Accepted: 16 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Eghbalmanesh, Ebadi, Zoladl and Rasoul zadeh haghighi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Abbas Ebadi, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.