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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychol.
Sec. Educational Psychology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1453882

The Chinese version of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) Questionnaire: Psychometric properties among adolescent students

Provisionally accepted
Mengjun Zhu Mengjun Zhu 1Xing’an Yao Xing’an Yao 2*Bin Abu Talib Mansor Bin Abu Talib Mansor 1*
  • 1 UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Nanjing Institute of Technology (NJIT), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: This study established the reliability and validity of the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Questionnaire in a sample of senior secondary school students in China.The data for this study were sourced from 1,080 students from multiple senior secondary schools using the SOC Questionnaire and the Learning Engagement Scale. This study conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factor structure analysis of the psychometric properties of SOC Questionnaire were examined on reliability, convergent validity, concurrent criterion validity, and incremental validity.The EFA results suggested that a three-factor solution was most appropriate for the SOC Questionnaire. The three-factor CFA model of this study calculated correlations different from what was published with an American sample of adolescents by the questionnaire developers. The reliability coefficients (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω), composite reliability (rho_c), and reliability coefficient (rho_a), convergent and discriminant validity were good. Concurrent criterion validity, and incremental validity were demonstrated by the SOC Questionnaire and the LES.The 17-item, 3-factor SOC Questionnaire demonstrated strong reliability and validity, thus offering a new multidimensional of the SOC Questionnaire to evaluate intentional self-regulation among adolescents in schools.

    Keywords: Intentional self-regulation, regulation strategies, Validation, Reliability, Adolescent

    Received: 24 Jun 2024; Accepted: 15 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Zhu, Yao and Mansor. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Xing’an Yao, Nanjing Institute of Technology (NJIT), Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu, China
    Bin Abu Talib Mansor, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.