Isuru Thilakasiri ¹ Tharaka Fonseka ¹ Isuri Mapa ² Roshan Godaliyadda ¹ Vijitha Herath ¹ Ramila Thowfeek ³ Anuruddhika Rathnayake ⁴ Parakrama Ekanayake ¹ Janaka Ekanayake ^5*

• ¹ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
• ² Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
• ³ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
• ⁴ Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
• ⁵ Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Massive changes in many aspects related to social groups of different socioeconomic backgrounds were caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result, the overall state of mental health was severely affected globally. This study examined how the pandemic affected Sri Lankan citizens representing a range of socioeconomic backgrounds in terms of their mental health. The data used in this research was gathered from 3020 households using a nationwide face-to-face survey, from which a processed dataset of 921 responses was considered for the final analysis. Four distinct factors were identified by factor analysis (FA) that was conducted and subsequently, the population was clustered using unsupervised clustering to determine which population subgroups were affected similarly. Two such subgroups were identified where the respective relationships to the retrieved principal factors and their demographics were thoroughly examined and interpreted. This resulted in the identification of contrasting perspectives between the two groups towards the maintenance and the state of social relationships during the pandemic, which revealed that one group was more "socially connected group" in nature resulting in their mental state being comparatively better in coping with the pandemic. The other group was seen to be more "socially reserved group" showing an opposite reaction towards social connections while their mental well-being declined showing symptoms such as loneliness, and emptiness in response to the pandemic. The study examined the role of social media, and it was observed that social media was perceived as a substitute for the lack of social connections or primarily used as a coping mechanism in response to the challenges of the pandemic and results show that maintaining social connections physically or via online rather than the use of social media has helped one group over the other in decreasing their symptoms such as emptiness, loneliness and fear of death.