Awatif Alrasheeday ¹ Maha A. Alsaeed ² Bushra Alshammari ^3* Farhan Alshammari ⁴ Asia S. Alrashidi ³ Turki A. Alsaif ⁵ Soha K. Mahmoud ⁶ Dolores I. Cabansag ³ Ma. Venus Borja ³ Ahmad Alsayed ⁷ Omaima M. Elalem ⁶ Shaimaa M. Nageeb ⁵ Rania A. Allam ⁸ Tahani N. Alhejaili ⁹ Haneen F. Alsulami ¹⁰ Bahia G. Siam ¹¹

• ¹ Nursing Administration Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail,, Hail, Saudi Arabia
• ² Urgent care supervisor in Damam health network, Eastern health cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
• ³ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Hail, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
• ⁵ Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail,, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
• ⁶ Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
• ⁷ Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Amman, Jordan
• ⁸ Maternal and Child department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
• ⁹ Adult ICU, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah Health Cluster, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
• ¹⁰ Adult ICU, King Abdullah medical city Hospital, Makkah Health Cluster, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
• ¹¹ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

Background: COVID-19 has probably contributed to sleep disturbance among nurses, especially those working at emergency departments (EDs). Sleep disorders in nurse managers can negatively impact their health and impair work performance and decision-making. This study aimed to explore the quality of sleep among nurses working in EDs and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed to assess the sleep quality of nurses working in EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research recruited a convenience sample of emergency nurses, who were selectively sourced from four hospitals in Hail City. This recruitment occurred over the period from April to July 2022. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS, with the significance level set at 0.05.Among the 216 participants in the study, the majority (55.6%) were aged between 30-39 years, and 73.6% were female. Additionally, 64.4% were married, while 69.4% had a bachelor's degree, 20% held a diploma, and the remaining had a master's degree. Notably, a significant 81.5% of the nurses reported poor sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with an overall mean score of 10.55 indicating poor sleep. The study highlighted that poor sleep quality among nurses was linked to being female, being married, and not exercising regularly. Better sleep was associated with nurses who manage fewer patients per shift and have adequate monthly income.The prevalence of poor sleep quality among Emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. There is a pressing need for targeted interventions to enhance sleep quality among ED nurses. Improving sleep quality is not only essential for the well-being of these nurses but is also likely to contribute to better patient care.