SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1600955
Adherence to a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns and risk of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Provisionally accepted
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Background: Although studies have reported the associations between certain dietary patterns and the risk of Parkinson's disease, these findings are limited and inconclusive. Herein, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to search for the associations between a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from database inception to January 2025 to clarify eligible observational studies investigating the links between whole dietary patterns and risk of Parkinson's disease. Combined relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of dietary patterns in relation to Parkinson's disease risk. The Cochran's Q test and I-squared (I 2 ) statistic were used to assess statistical heterogeneity among the included studies.In total, eleven studies (five cohort, three case-control, and 3 cross-sectional studies) with 326,751 participants and 2524 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analyses showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet, healthy dietary index, and healthy dietary pattern were associated with a decreased risk of Parkinson's disease(RR=0.87; 95%CI:0.78-0.97, P=0.017; RR=0.76; 95%CI:0.65-0.91, P=0.002;RR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.62-0.93; P=0.007, respectively). Additionally, the results showed that high adherence to the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (RR=1.54; 95%CI: 1.10-2.15; P=0.011).Conclusions: Overall, our results demonstrate that adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a healthy dietary index, and a healthy dietary pattern were associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease, while the Western dietary pattern was linked to an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Further well-designed prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Dietary patterns, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Observational studies Food frequency questionnaire, HRs: Hazards ratios, ORs: odds ratios, RR: Relative risks
Received: 27 Mar 2025; Accepted: 24 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Shu, Zhu and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Nan Li, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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