The Impact of Vitamin D on Atopic Disorders: Assessing Evidence for a Causal Relationship

Valeria Andrea Zuniga ^1* Blanca Bazan-Perkins ²

• ¹ Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Tec Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
• ² Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, México, Mexico

Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a noticeable increase in the consumption of vitamin D. Evidence accentuates the generation of a pro-tolerogenic T helper 2 cell state with vitamin D, suppressing T helper 1 inflammatory response. T helper 2 cell polarization is characteristic of atopy. However, although the literature on vitamin D and atopy has yielded controversial results, multiple studies have described an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and the severity of atopy, as well as an improvement of the pathology with vitamin D supplementation.A different approach is offered in the analysis of the immunological mechanisms by which vitamin D acts in the human body, supporting its use as a promoter of homeostasis. In this sense, vitamin D promotes a balanced state through the action of regulatory T cells, controlling cytokines, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, and by reducing B cell proliferation and differentiation, thus preventing the possible development of atopy.