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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Microbes
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1561235
This article is part of the Research Topic Immunonutrition: Bridging Precision Nutrition and Modern Medicine View all 6 articles
Dietary index for gut microbiota, a novel protective factor for the prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in the adults: insight from NHANES 2007-2018
Provisionally accepted- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Introduction: This study explore the association between the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Method: A cross-sectional study of participants aged ≥20 years using the data drawn from NHANES (2007-2018). DI-GM is comprised 14 dietary components (10 beneficial and 4 unfavorable). CKD diagnosis based on urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the relationship between DI-GM and CKD while controlling for various covariates. Additionally, a spline smooth analysis was performed. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to investigate whether any factors modified this relationship. Results: A total of 28,843 participants were eligible for the study, of whom 5,461 were diagnosed with CKD, while 23,382 were not. Patients with CKD exhibited significantly lower DI-GM scores compared to healthy individuals. A negative association between DI-GM and the prevalence of CKD was observed across all models, with the relationship being more pronounced in individuals with DI-GM scores greater than 5 compared to those with scores ≤ 3. Beneficial components, such as dietary fiber, whole grains, and coffee, were identified as protective factors. Moreover, sex make an effect on this relationship, with stronger effects noted in women. Conclusion: Higher DI-GM scores correlate with reduced CKD prevalence, and the effect appears to be more pronounced in women than in men. These findings suggest that enhancing gut health through diet may serve as a viable strategy for the prevention and management of CKD, with particular attention to sex-based differences in prevention.
Keywords: chronic kidney diseases, Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota, Metabolism, Cross-section, Association
Received: 15 Jan 2025; Accepted: 03 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xiao, Yang, Gao, Zhang, Wang, Lin and Bai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Tao Lin, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Yunjin Bai, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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