Association of Multiple Dietary Vitamin Intake with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: a cross-sectional study Based on NHANES 2007-2020

佳媛 宋 ¹ Sihan Hu ² Han Yu ¹ Jiuhua She ¹ Aimin Li ¹ Meiying Jin ^1*

• ¹ Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
• ² School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangx, China

Introduction: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome combines cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disorders, posing major public health challenges. Dietary vitamin intake is linked to protective effects of cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic systems. However, the combined impact of multiple vitamins on CKM syndrome progression is underexplored. This study examines the relationship between dietary intake of multiple vitamins and CKM syndrome. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 12,534 study objects in 2007-2020 and involved 11 types of dietary vitamin intake. Given the large number of variables and the large sample size, we used the standardized mean difference (SMD) instead of P values to eliminate the bias caused by a high probability of false positives. We constructed survey-weighted logistic regression model, restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression model, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) model to evaluate the association between individual vitamin intake and vitamin intake mixture and CKM stages. Finally, subgroup analysis was used to explore potential interaction between vitamin intake and other variables. Result:Higher individual dietary intake of specific vitamins (vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, total folate and vitamin B12) were linked to a reduced incidence of advanced CKM stages. WQS regression and qgcomp model consistently indicated that vitamin intake mixture was negatively correlated with the risk of advanced CKM stages. Total folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin B2 and niacin appeared to play particularly significant roles. We did not find any significant interaction between subgroup variables and vitamin intake mixture on advanced CKM stages. Conclusions: Higher dietary intake of vitamins can reduce the progression of CKM syndrome among American adults. We suggest supplementing vitamins appropriately to prevent CKM syndrome.