Sustainable milk-based postbiotics beverages fermented by L. plantarum: allies in celiac disease inflammation

Claudia Bellomo^1,2Francesca Mauriello³Federica Nigro⁴Francesca Passannanti^3,4Rosa Colucci Cante³Roberto Nigro³Maria Vittoria Barone^1,2*Merlin Nanayakkara^2,5

• ¹Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
• ²European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Campania, Italy
• ³Department of Chemical Engineering of Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
• ⁴I.T.P. Innovation and Technology Provider s.r.l., Via Bisignano a Chiaia 68, 80121, Naples,, Italy
• ⁵Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Campania, Italy

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by damage to the small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals after gluten consumption. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Gliadin is one of the main protein component of wheat gluten, and is poorly digested. One of its undigested peptides, p31-43, triggers several different processes, including inflammation. Intestinal organoids from CeD biopsies are good models for studying CeD inflammation. Postbiotics have been shown to modulate the effects of p31-43 in Caco-2 cells and inflammation in CeD organoids. The aims of the present study were, on the one hand, to study the production of postbiotics from L. plantarum CECT 749-fermented milk enriched with LA(linoleic acid), SCGs (Spent Coffee Grounds) and SCG oil and, on the other hand, to study their anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of the gliadin peptide p31-43 in CaCo2 cells and constitutive inflammation in CeD organoids. The results showed that pretreatment with all milk-based postbiotics of L. plantarum, except for SCG oil, inhibited the activation of NF-kB in the presence of the gliadin peptide in Caco-2 cells. The most efficient postbiotics, namely, milk-based postbiotics of L plantarum with or without SCGs, could also reduce inflammation in intestinal organoids from CeD patients. In conclusion, milk-based postbiotics of L. plantarum, with or without SCGs, can prevent the proinflammatory effects of gliadin on Caco-2 cells and constitutive inflammation in CeD intestinal organoids, independent of the CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid) concentration.