Anuja Phalle ^1,2 Devaki Gokhale ^2*

• ¹ Symbiosis Centre for Research and Innovation, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
• ² Symbiosis School of Culinary Arts and Nutritional Sciences, Pune, India

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies have opened new avenues for applications in dietary assessments. Conventional dietary assessment methods are time-consuming, labor-driven, and have high recall bias. AI-assisted tools can be user-friendly and provide accurate dietary data. Hence, this review aimed to explore the applications of AI-assisted dietary assessment tools in real-world settings that could potentially enhance Next-Gen nutrition care delivery. A total of 17613 original, full-text articles using keywords such as “artificial intelligence OR food image analysis OR wearable devices AND dietary OR nutritional assessment,” published in English between January 2014 and September 2024 were extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed databases. All studies exploring applications of AI-assisted dietary assessment tools with human participation were included; While methodological/ developmental research and studies without human participants were excluded as this review specifically aimed to explore their applications in real-world scenarios for clinical purposes. In the final phase of screening, 66 articles were reviewed that matched our inclusion criteria and the review followed PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. We observed that existing AI-assisted dietary assessment tools are integrated with mobile/ web-based applications to provide a user-friendly interface. These tools can broadly be categorized as “Image-based” and “Motion sensor-based.” Image-based tools allow food recognition, classification, food volume/weight, and nutrient estimation whereas, Motion sensor-based tools help capture eating occasions through wrist movement, eating sounds, jaw motion & swallowing. These functionalities capture the dietary data regarding the type of food or beverage consumed, calorie intake, portion sizes, frequency of eating, and shared eating occasions as real-time data, making it more accurate than conventional dietary assessment methods. Dietary assessment tools integrated with AI and ML could estimate real-time energy and macronutrient intake in patients with chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia. Additionally, these tools are non-laborious, time-efficient, user-friendly, and provide fairly accurate data free from recall/ reporting bias enabling clinicians to offer personalized nutrition. Therefore, integrating AI-based dietary assessment tools will help improve the quality of nutrition care and navigate next-gen nutrition care practices. Further studies are required to evaluate these tools' efficacy and accuracy.