Physical activity and screen time behavior, and non-alcoholic beverage consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Yazareni José Mercadante Urquía ¹ Haysla Xavier Martins ¹ Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira ^2* Leticia Batista De Azevedo ³ Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior ¹ Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina ^1,4*

• ¹ Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
• ² University of the Americas Puebla, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
• ³ Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
• ⁴ Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected various dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Understanding the relationship between physical activity, screen time, and beverage consumption is critical to identify at-risk populations, particularly individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), for targeted intervention strategies.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, screen time behavior patterns, and non-alcoholic beverage consumption among participants in ELSA-Brasil during the COVID supplementary study. Methods: The study was conducted in five of the six ELSA-Brasil research centers, from July 2020 to March 2021. Sociodemographic variables, physical activity, screen time, non-alcoholic beverage consumption, and lifestyle factors were analyzed using bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression models. Results: The total sample consisted of 4,442 participants with a mean age of 62.0 ± 8.6 years. Significant gender differences were found in sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, influencing beverage consumption patterns. Participants with excessive screen time and physical inactivity were more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages. Specifically, men exhibited a significant association with an odds ratio of 2.44 (95%CI: 1.54-3.84), while women had an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.02-2.91). Men with appropriate screen time but physically inactive behavior had nearly double the likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened artificial beverages. Additionally, men with excessive screen time and physical inactivity had higher consumption of industrialized juices (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.22-3.06), while women were more likely to consume soft drinks (OR: 2.28; 95%CI 1.10-4.72). Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of addressing both screen time and physical activity in public health initiatives, through gender-specific approaches that account for socioeconomic disparities when prioritizing interventions.