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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1540485
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nutritional Deficiency from 1990 to 2021: Analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study
Provisionally accepted- 1 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- 2 Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
Background: Nutrient deficiency disorders (NDs) harm growth, causing economic losses. Addressing NDs is a global priority, yet recent data is limited. This study examines latest NDs data across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study were used to analyze NDs-related incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) at global, national, and regional levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to evaluate temporal trends, with Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) assessing long-term patterns. Results: In 2021, the global burden of NDs remained substantial, with a total of 1845246558 cases with an ASPR of 23858.99 cases per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 23445.77-24320.82). The ASIR was 7725.1 per 100,000 people (95% UI: 7404.01-8109.01), while the ASMR was 3.03 per 100,000 persons (95% UI: 2.69-3.4). Additionally, age-standardized DALYs rate was 657.62 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 489.93-869.58). Regionally, areas with low SDI exhibited the greatest ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rates, whereas high SDI regions had the lowest rates. Conclusions: Although global NDs burden has declined from 1990 to 2021, regional and demographic disparities remain. Enhanced healthcare access in high-risk SDI regions is essential to further mitigate NDs’s global impact.
Keywords: Nutritional deficiencies, GBD, DALYs, Trend projections, social development index
Received: 05 Dec 2024; Accepted: 16 Dec 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 CHEN, Li and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Zedong Li, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
Hong Liu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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