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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1524738
This article is part of the Research Topic Functional Foods for Metabolic Health View all 12 articles
Valine metabolite, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, promotes lipid metabolism and cell proliferation in porcine mammary gland epithelial cells
Provisionally accepted
Long Che
1,2
Le Liu
2
Mengmeng Xu
1*
Zongze Fan
2
Lizhu Niu
1*
Yujie Chen
1*
Xueyuan Chang
1*
Pan Zhou
3
Mengyun Li
1*
Hongyu Deng
1*
Wen Chen
2*- 1 Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- 2 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- 3 Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
Improving mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation through nutrition is an important approach for enhancing sow milk production and piglet growth. An intermediate metabolite of valine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), regulates cellular lipid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-HIB on porcine mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation and lipid metabolism. The addition of an appropriate concentration of 3-HIB significantly increased mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of proteins associated with cell proliferation. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.4 mM to 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins and the cell cycle protein, Cyclin D1, while inhibiting the expression of the cell cycle arrest protein, P27. The addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the triglyceride and lipid droplet content in the cells. The addition of 3-HIB increased the expression of proteins related to de novo fatty acid synthesis and transport, resulting in a marked increase in most polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 3-HIB-added group. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of the fatty acid oxidation-related proteins, ACSL and CAD, ultimately increasing cellular ATP synthesis. The addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB to porcine mammary gland epithelial cells promotes cell proliferation by enhancing lipid metabolism and the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins.
Keywords: Valine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, Mammary gland epithelial cells, Lipid Metabolism, sow
Received: 08 Nov 2024; Accepted: 17 Dec 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Che, Liu, Xu, Fan, Niu, Chen, Chang, Zhou, Li, Deng and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Mengmeng Xu, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Lizhu Niu, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Yujie Chen, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Xueyuan Chang, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Mengyun Li, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Hongyu Deng, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Wen Chen, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
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