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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1496410
This article is part of the Research Topic Objective Dietary Assessment in Nutrition Epidemiology Studies - Volume II View all 13 articles

Association between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Children Aged 6-19 Years in the United States: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010

Provisionally accepted
Wei Cheng Wei Cheng Yunfei Wang Yunfei Wang *Nan Ding Nan Ding *Rutao Xie Rutao Xie *
  • Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpes virus associated with multiple diseases. Oxidative stress is closely related to EBV infection, latency, reactivation, and transformation. Antioxidant diet protects against EBV infection. Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), serving as a key measure of antioxidant intake, is a summary score of six dietary antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E; carotenoid; selenium; and zinc. Despite this, the association between CDAI and EBV infection remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between CDAI and EBV infection using cross-sectional data from 3,318 children aged 6–19 years who participated in the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Data on EBV results, CDAI, and several other essential variables were analyzed. Compared with that of individuals in Q3 (-1.627–-0.2727) in the multivariate weighted logistic regression model with full adjustment for confounding variables, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CDAI and EBV infection in those in Q1 (≤-2.9157), Q2 (-2.9158–-1.626), Q4 (-0.2728–1.7601), and Q5 (1.7602–21.419) was 0.71 (95% confidence interval(CI): 0.52–0.98, p=0.038), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.68–1.16, p=0.366), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66–1.17, p=0.398), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50–0.99, p=0.044), respectively. The association between CDAI and EBV infection showed an inverted U-shaped curve (non-linear; p = 0.002). The OR of developing EBV infection was 1.123 (95% CI:1.006–1.254, p=0.040) in participants with a CDAI of ≤-0.81. The OR of reducing EBV infection was 0.946 (95% CI: 0.896–0.998, p = 0.043) in participants with a CDAI of >-0.81.The association between CDAI and EBV infection in U.S. adolescents follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with an inflection point around -0.81.

    Keywords: Children, Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Inverted U-shaped, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

    Received: 14 Sep 2024; Accepted: 04 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Cheng, Wang, Ding and Xie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Yunfei Wang, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
    Nan Ding, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
    Rutao Xie, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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