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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition, Psychology and Brain Health
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1472612
Association of sugar consumption with risk of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Provisionally accepted
Jiahui Xiong
1
Lu Wang
1
HongLu Huang
1
San Xiong
2
Shipeng Zhang
1
Qinwei Fu
1
Rui Tang
3
Qinxiu Zhang
1,4*- 1 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- 2 Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- 4 Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Background: Sugar consumption has increased dramatically around the world, and at the same time, the prevalence of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety continues to increase. While previous research has explored the impact of various dietary factors on mental health, the specific impact of dietary sugar consumption on the risk of depression and anxiety disorders remains elusive.This study aimed to comprehensively assess this relationship through a systematic review and metaanalysis.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, web of science, China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) and WangFang were Systematically searched for the studies of the association between total dietary sugar intake and risk of depression and/or anxiety. The articles that meet the criteria are screened and included in the systematic review, and the data is extracted after assessing their quality. Stata18.0 software was used for the meta-analysis.Results: 40 studies with 1,212,107 participants were included in the analysis. Results showed that sugar intake increased the risk of depression by 21% (OR= 1.21,95% CI: 1.14,1.27), while the overall association between sugar intake and anxiety risk was not statistically significant (OR=1.11, 95%CI:0.93,1.28). Despite high heterogeneity (I²= 99.7%), the results were statistically significant (P < 0.000). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between sugar consumption and depression risk remains consistent across different study designs (cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies) and different sample sizes (< 5000, 5000-10000, > 10000). Women have a higher risk of depression than men (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35). Among the different exposure measures, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) showed the most significant effect (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.67, I² = 99.7%, P < 0.000). Through the measuringdiagnostic tool of subgroup analysis showed that there were significant correlation between sugar intake and risk of depression, PHQ-9 (OR = 1.29, 95%CI:
Keywords: sugar consumption1, diet2, depression3, Anxiety4, Meta-analysis5
Received: 29 Jul 2024; Accepted: 17 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Xiong, Wang, Huang, Xiong, Zhang, Fu, Tang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Qinxiu Zhang, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
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