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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1469230
This article is part of the Research Topic Unveiling the Role of Carbohydrates in Cardiometabolic Health View all 4 articles

Short-term high-fat and high-carb diet effects on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation in young healthy men

Provisionally accepted
Marcel Pointke Marcel Pointke 1,2*Rodrigo Chamorro Rodrigo Chamorro 1,3Frank Strenge Frank Strenge 1Dawid Piotrowski Dawid Piotrowski 1Anika Matteikat Anika Matteikat 1Svenja Meyhöfer Svenja Meyhöfer 1,2,4Sebastian M. Meyhöfer Sebastian M. Meyhöfer 5Britta Wilms Britta Wilms 1,2,4*
  • 1 University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
  • 2 Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
  • 3 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region (RM), Chile
  • 4 German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany
  • 5 Novo Nordisk Pharma GmbH, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Daily dietary intake of macronutrients and energy is closely associated with long-term metabolic health outcomes, but whether 24-hour nutritional intervention under isocaloric conditions leads to changes in metabolism remains unclear. Moreover, the short-term effect of diets with different macronutrient composition on hedonic appetite regulation is less clear.Methods: This study examined the impact of an acute high-fat (F+) and high-carbohydrate (C+) diet on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation of food intake in young healthy men under controlled conditions. Using a cross-over design, 19 male participants received a one-day isocaloric diet with different macronutrient composition (F+ = 11% carbohydrates, 74% fat; C+ = 79% carbohydrates, 6% fat) compared to a control diet (CON = 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat). Protein content was set at 15% of energy in all diets. The feeling of hunger, as well as 'liking' and 'wanting' for foods, was assessed through visual analogue scales, and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels were assessed repeatedly during the experimental day. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted the next morning.Results: Postprandial glucose and insulin levels were lowest in F+ over the 24 hours. Except for dinner, the CON diet showed the highest mean values in glucose. F+ diet improved insulin resistance, lowering Homeostatis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Changes in hedonic regulation of food intake were not observed during the intervention between the diets, except for higher feelings of satiety under the CON diet.

    Keywords: macronutrient, Diet, Glucose homeostasis, Appetite, hedonic hunger

    Received: 23 Jul 2024; Accepted: 14 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Pointke, Chamorro, Strenge, Piotrowski, Matteikat, Meyhöfer, Meyhöfer and Wilms. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Marcel Pointke, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
    Britta Wilms, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.