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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1461196

The influence of different forms of apple products on all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension

Provisionally accepted
Chuang Sun Chuang Sun 1Yingying Chen Yingying Chen 2Yue Guan Yue Guan 1Yiming Zeng Yiming Zeng 1Jie Li Jie Li 2*Liang Chen Liang Chen 1*
  • 1 Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
  • 2 Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: Apple consumption has a positive effect on human health. Some studies have shown that an appropriate amount of apple intake can reduce the incidence of hypertension. However, few studies have investigated whether eating different forms of apples has the same benefits as eating whole apples. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of different forms of apple on all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. Methods: The study included 2,368 patients with hypertension. All participants were followed up for at least 10 years. Cox regression model was constructed to analyze the correlation between apple, apple juice, and apple sauce consumption and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. Results: The consumption of apples 3-6 times/week was associated with a 48% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension (HR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.37-0.72, p<0.001). However, the consumption of apple juice (HR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.67-1.56, p=0.930) and sauce (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.59-2.74, p=0.531) tended to increase the risk of death in patients with hypertension, although this study did not obtain a statistically result. Conclusion: Moderate consumption of whole apples is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause death in patients with hypertension, whereas apple juice and sauce may increase the risk of death.

    Keywords: Apple consumption, Apple products, Hypertension, Mortality, NHANES

    Received: 08 Jul 2024; Accepted: 26 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Sun, Chen, Guan, Zeng, Li and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Jie Li, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
    Liang Chen, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.