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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1454669
This article is part of the Research Topic Nutritional Strategies for Hypertension and Hypotension Treatment View all articles

Association between copper intake and Essential hypertension: dual evidence from Mendelian Randomization analysis and the NHANES database

Provisionally accepted
Qing Miao Qing Miao 1Jingtao Zhang Jingtao Zhang 1Yingjie Yun Yingjie Yun 1Wei Wu Wei Wu 2*Chuanjin Luo Chuanjin Luo 2*
  • 1 First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
  • 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Although previous studies have identified an association between trace elements and essential hypertension, the specific trace elements involved and the mechanisms of their association remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between various human trace elements and essential hypertension, thereby addressing existing gaps in the research.Methods: This study employed two-sample, multivariate, and inverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the causal relationship between 15 human trace elements as exposure factors and essential hypertension as the outcome. The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between copper intake and essential hypertension. Further validation was conducted using logistic regression models based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Results: Eighteen trace elements were initially identified through searches in the GWAS database and PubMed. After screening, 15 trace elements were selected as potential exposure factors. MR analysis, utilizing the 2021 genome-wide dataset for essential hypertension, identified copper as a risk factor, showing a positive association with hypertension. Subsequent logistic regression analyses based on NHANES data further confirmed a significant association between dietary copper intake and the risk of essential hypertension, except for the 0. 80-1. 08 mg/d group in model 3 (P < 0. 05).Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between copper intake and the risk of developing essential hypertension.This study demonstrates a significant association between copper intake and the development of essential hypertension. The findings suggest that higher copper intake is linked to an increased risk of hypertension, underscoring the need to monitor copper intake levels in the prevention and management of this condition.

    Keywords: Copper intake, essential hypertension, Mendelian Randomization (MR), national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Copper

    Received: 25 Jun 2024; Accepted: 13 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Miao, Zhang, Yun, Wu and Luo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Wei Wu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
    Chuanjin Luo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.