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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Food Chemistry
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1448450
This article is part of the Research Topic Resistant Starch: Advances and Applications in Nutrition for Disease Prevention View all 7 articles

Exploring the Synergy of Enzymes, Nutrients, and Gene Networks in Rice Starch Granule Biogenesis

Provisionally accepted
Sunil I. Warwate Sunil I. Warwate 1Monika Awana Monika Awana 1Swapnil S. Thakare Swapnil S. Thakare 1Veda Krishnan Veda Krishnan 1Suresh Kumar Suresh Kumar 1Haritha Bollinedi Haritha Bollinedi 2Ajay Arora Ajay Arora 3Amitha Mithra V. Sevanthi Amitha Mithra V. Sevanthi 4Mrinmoy Ray Mrinmoy Ray 5Shelly Praveen Shelly Praveen 1Archana Singh Archana Singh 1*
  • 1 Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India
  • 2 Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
  • 3 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
  • 4 National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
  • 5 Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modeling, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    A total 200 rice genotypes were analyzed for total starch content (TSC), amylopectin content (APC), and amylose content (AC). The clustering of these rice genotypes was done based on their AC. Further, these genotypes were categorized into three groups up to 10% amylose-low, 10-26% amylose-medium, and more than 26% amylose-high. Among them, six genotypes 1 from low AC (NJ-72), 2 from medium AC (UPRI-2003-18, PRR-126), and 3 from high AC (RNRM-7, Urvashi and Ananga) were selected. The genotypes selected from the NJ-72 showing low RS and Ananga with high RS were selected for investigation of enzymatic activities of starch biosynthesis, metabolites accumulation, and expressions of 20 starch biogenesis genes in developing endosperm. Starch branching enzymes (SBE) and starch synthase (SS) activities peaked at 13 days after anthesis (DAA), while starch debranching enzymes (DBE) were most active at 18 DAA. In Ananga, TSC, AC, APC, and RS levels progressively increased from 3 to 23 DAA. Ananga showed 1.25-fold upregulation of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) at 18DAA. Higher expressions of SSI and SBEIIb were observed in NJ-72 at 13DAA. PUL2 was predominantly expressed followed by ISA1. GBSSI was positively correlated with both AC and RS while SS, SBE, and DBE were positively related to APC. This research could lead to the development of rice varieties with improved nutritional qualities, such as higher RS content, which is beneficial for human health due to its role in lowering glycemic response and promoting gut health. Additionally, the study provides insights into how the modulation of key genes and enzymes can affect starch composition, offering strategies to breed rice varieties tailored for specific dietary needs or industrial applications.

    Keywords: GBSS, Granule bound starch synthase, GCMS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, GI, glycemic index, GOPOD, glucose oxidase peroxidase reagent, HP-5 MS, [(5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane phase], ISA, isoamylase, PERs, protein efficiency ratios

    Received: 14 Jun 2024; Accepted: 08 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Warwate, Awana, Thakare, Krishnan, Kumar, Bollinedi, Arora, Sevanthi, Ray, Praveen and Singh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Archana Singh, Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

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