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REVIEW article
Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutrition and Microbes
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1441847
This article is part of the Research Topic Advances in Sulfated Polysaccharides and Precision Nutrition View all articles
The impact of supplementing Vitamin D through different methods on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Provisionally accepted- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
To analyze the impact of different methods of Vitamin D administration on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane, up to January 5, 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared Vitamin D supplementation with control groups in COVID-19 patients. Outcomes of interest were mortality rate, ICU (Intensive Care Unit) admission rate, length of hospital stay, and endotracheal intubation rate. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the dosing regimen (single-dose vs. continuous-dose), total Vitamin D intake within 14 days (≥100,000 IU vs. <100,000 IU), and baseline serum Vitamin D levels (deficient group: 25OHD < 30 ng/mL vs. non-restricted group). A random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis to account for heterogeneity among studies.Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mortality rate (RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.94, I²=54%, P=0.02), with continuous dosing being more effective compared to single-dose and lower total doses (<100,000 IU)showing greater benefit . Mortality was significantly reduced in the Vitamin D-deficient group (25OHD < 30 ng/mL) but not in the non-restricted group.Regarding ICU admission, supplementation reduced ICU admission rates (RR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.88, I²=74%, P=0.01),, with continuous dosing being more effective than single-dose , and lower doses (<100,000 IU) providing more significant reduction . ICU admission rates were significantly reduced in the Vitamin D-deficient group but not in the non-restricted group. For length of hospital stay, no significant differences were observed between Vitamin D and control groups (MD=-1, 95% CI: -2.16 to 0.16, P=0.13), and subgroup analyses by dosing regimen, total dose, and baseline Vitamin D levels also showed no significant differences. Similarly, for endotracheal intubation, there was no significant difference in intubation rates between groups (RR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.56-1.08, P=0.13).Conclusion:Vitamin D supplementation improves clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients by reducing mortality and ICU admission rates, particularly when administered continuously with a total dose of less than 100,000 IU over 14 days, and among those with baseline Vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 30 ng/mL). However, there were no significant effects on the length of hospital stay or endotracheal intubation rates.
Keywords: COVID-19, Vitamin D, prognosis, Administration methods, dosage, baseline Vitamin D
Received: 31 May 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Wu, Shang, Li, Zhang, Guo, Dong and Mei. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiangqun Zhang, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Junyuan Wu, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Na Shang, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Yixuan Li, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Ying Zhang, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Shubin ]. Guo, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Hongmeng Dong, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
Xue Mei, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
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