Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Nutritional Epidemiology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407590
This article is part of the Research Topic Optimizing Hydration: Advances in Understanding, Assessment, and Promotion View all 4 articles

Comparative Study of Saudi and Turkish Coffee Consumption in Saudi Arabia: Insights into Sociodemographic Factors and Caffeine Intake

Provisionally accepted
Nahla Bawazeer Nahla Bawazeer 1*Faisal Binsunaid Faisal Binsunaid 2Atheer Alraqea Atheer Alraqea 2Mazen M. Al Fayez Mazen M. Al Fayez 2Omar Alhumaidan Omar Alhumaidan 2Ghadir Fallata Ghadir Fallata 2Rehab Aldahash Rehab Aldahash 1NADA BENAJIBA NADA BENAJIBA 3
  • 1 Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and rehabilitation sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Saudi and Turkish coffee consumption in Saudi Arabia is increasing considerably, and the nationwide consumption patterns need elucidation to determine the contributions of Saudi and Turkish coffee toward nutrition and health. Aim: To describe the frequency and quantity of Saudi and Turkish coffee consumption and assess their association with sociodemographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1030 participants (Saudi Arabia) recruited via an online questionnaire study that collected information on general characteristics and coffee consumption. The caffeine content in Saudi and Turkish coffees was quantified using a standard laboratory technique. The total caffeine intake and exposure were calculated. Associations between the different parameters were assessed. Results: Significant differences were observed in several demographic and sociodemographic factors according to the frequency of coffee intake. Specifically, individuals who consumed Saudi coffee almost every day (approximately 40% of respondents) were more likely to differ in age, body mass index, marital status, work status, monthly income, and region compared to those who consumed it less frequently. Additionally, one-third of the respondents consumed Turkish coffee, and the frequency of its consumption showed significant differences according to age, nationality, marital status, educational level, and region. Notably, the highest caffeine exposures were 0.95 mg/kg/d for Saudi coffee, 1.31 mg/kg/d for Turkish coffee, and 2.07 mg/kg/d for both coffees combined. The mean contribution to the 400 mg daily caffeine intake limit was significantly higher for Saudi coffee compared to Turkish coffee (p<0.05).Saudi and Turkish coffee consumption patterns vary across sociodemographic characteristics, where Saudi coffee is generally more consumed. Our study may form a basis for nutrient education in terms of coffee consumption to promote a healthy lifestyle.

    Keywords: Caffeine consumption, Adult, Saudi Arabia, Saudi coffee, Turkish coffee

    Received: 28 Mar 2024; Accepted: 23 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Bawazeer, Binsunaid, Alraqea, Al Fayez, Alhumaidan, Fallata, Aldahash and BENAJIBA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Nahla Bawazeer, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and rehabilitation sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.