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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Nutr.
Sec. Clinical Nutrition
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390309

Association between coffee intake and skeletal muscle mass among U.S. adults: a population-based study

Provisionally accepted
Yin Huangyi Yin Huangyi 1Wei Zhu Wei Zhu 2Liuqing Guo Liuqing Guo 2Weishan Li Weishan Li 2Min Liang Min Liang 1*
  • 1 First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China
  • 2 Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    A limited number of studies have reported that the possible effects of coffee intake on skeletal muscle mass, but the results have been inconsistently conclusive and there are no large sample studies concerning the U.S. population. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to explore the connection between coffee consumption and skeletal muscle mass in U.S. adults.The population for this cross-sectional study was drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011-2018. Appendicular lean mass was accurately obtained from DXA, and skeletal muscle mass was assessed using appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index (ASMBMI). Coffee and caffeine consumptions were obtained on a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Furthermore, the associations between coffee and caffeine intake and skeletal muscle mass were evaluated using three multiple linear regression models and smoothed curve fitting. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) were performed to assess the robustness of these relationships.This cross-sectional survey included a total of 8333 participants. After adjusting for all covariates, higher intake of coffee, caffeinated coffee, and caffeine was associated with elevated ASMBMI (coffee: β =0.01, 95% CI:0.01, 0.02, P-value <0.001; caffeinated coffee: β =0.01, 95% CI:0.01, 0.02, P-value <0.001; caffeine: β =0.02, 95% CI:0.01, 0.04, P-value <0.001). Meanwhile, smoothed curve fitting showed that coffee, caffeinated coffee, and caffeine intake were linearly and positively associated with ASMBMI. After further stratification by sex, age, and ethnicity, the positive relationships between coffee (especially caffeinated coffee) and caffeine intake and ASMBMI were not modified (P for interaction >0.05). However, these relationships disappeared when the BMI over 30 kg/m 2 .In general, consumption of coffee and caffeine is positively associated with skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, an appropriate increase in coffee and caffeine intake may be advocated in populations at high risk for low skeletal muscle mass.

    Keywords: Caffeine intake, Caffeinated coffee, Decaffeinated coffee, Skeletal muscle mass, Obesity

    Received: 23 Feb 2024; Accepted: 22 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Huangyi, Zhu, Guo, Li and Liang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Min Liang, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.