ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1550023
This article is part of the Research Topic Advances in Autoimmune Encephalitis: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Approaches View all articles
Resolution of Anti-GAD-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis in Patients Treated with Efgartigimod
Provisionally accepted
- 1 First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- 2 Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- 3 Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- 4 Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
- 5 National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China), Beijing, Beijing, China
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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is an important clinical phenotype of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-associated disease, characterized by disturbances in GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission.Efgartigimod, a neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor antagonist, controls the trafficking and recycling of the pathogenic anti-GAD immunoglobulin G, making it a promising therapeutic target.In this case report, we describe the first efgartigimod treatment of three patients affected by GADseropositive autoimmune encephalitis presenting with TLE. Their overall disability was assessed by the modified Rankin scale. After four weeks of efgartigimod treatment, the patients showed substantial improvements, with no dementia or behavioral abnormalities and well controlled seizures.Our findings suggest that efgartigimod is a potential candidate drug for anti-GAD-associated autoimmune encephalitis.
Keywords: efgartigimod, Autoimmune epilepsy, autoimmune encephalitis, GAD, Treatment
Received: 04 Mar 2025; Accepted: 04 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Bi, Kang, Liu, Liu, Jiang and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yan Jiang, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Qun Wang, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
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