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REVIEW article

Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Virology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1463056

Research Progress on Environmental Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses Running Head: SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Stability

Provisionally accepted
Ling Zhang Ling Zhang 1Zhongbiao Fang Zhongbiao Fang 1Jiaxuan Li Jiaxuan Li 1Zhiwei Huang Zhiwei Huang 2Xiaotian Tie Xiaotian Tie 3Hongyu Li Hongyu Li 1Jianhua Li Jianhua Li 4*Yanjun Zhang Yanjun Zhang 4*Yuanyuan Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang 5*Keda Chen Keda Chen 1*
  • 1 Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
  • 2 Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 3 Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 4 Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Zhejiang CDC), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 5 National Center for Child Health and Disease Clinical Research (NCRCCH), Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    We reviewed research on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus detection on surfaces, their persistence under various conditions, and response to disinfectants. Viral contamination in community and healthcare settings was analyzed, emphasizing survival on surfaces influenced by temperature, pH, and material. Findings showed higher concentrations enhance survivability at room temperature, whereas stability increases at 4°C. Both viruses decline in low pH and high heat, with influenza affected by salinity. On various material surfaces, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses demonstrate considerable variations in survival durations, and SARS-CoV-2 is more stable than influenza virus. On the skin, both virus types can persist for ≥2 hours. Next, we delineated the virucidal efficacy of disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. In daily life, exposure to ethanol (70%), isopropanol (70%), bleach (10%), or hydrogen peroxide (1%-3%) for 15-30 minutes can effectively inactive various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Povidone-iodine (1 mg/mL, 1 minute) or cetylpyridinium chloride (0.1 mg/mL, 2 minutes) may be used to inactive different SARS-CoV-2 variants in the mouth. Chlorine disinfectants (500 mg/L) or ultraviolet light (222 nm) can effectively inhibit different SARS-CoV-2 variants in public spaces. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for reduction of viral persistence (retention of infectivity) on surfaces. and environmental cleanliness.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, influenza, environmental stability, Disinfectants, Environmental contamination

    Received: 11 Jul 2024; Accepted: 18 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Fang, Li, Huang, Tie, Li, Li, Zhang, Zhang and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Jianhua Li, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Zhejiang CDC), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
    Yanjun Zhang, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Zhejiang CDC), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
    Yuanyuan Zhang, National Center for Child Health and Disease Clinical Research (NCRCCH), Hangzhou, 310003, Jiangsu Province, China
    Keda Chen, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.