Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Med. Technol.
Sec. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices
Volume 6 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1457535
This article is part of the Research Topic Magnetic Neurophysiology: The Cutting Edge of Real Time Neurodiagnostic Technology View all 3 articles

Motion Artifact Variability in Biomagnetic Wearable Devices

Provisionally accepted
Negin Ghahremani Arekhloo Negin Ghahremani Arekhloo 1,2Huxi Wang Huxi Wang 1,2Hossein Parvizi Hossein Parvizi 2Asfand Tanwear Asfand Tanwear 1Siming Zuo Siming Zuo 1Michael McKinlay Michael McKinlay 2Carlos García Núñez Carlos García Núñez 2Kianoush Nazarpour Kianoush Nazarpour 1,3Hadi Heidari Hadi Heidari 1,2*
  • 1 Independent researcher, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • 2 James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • 3 School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Motion artifacts can be a significant noise source in biomagnetic measurements when magnetic sensors are not separated from the signal source. In ambient environments, motion artifacts can be up to ten times stronger than the desired signals, varying with environmental conditions. This study evaluates the variability of these artifacts and the effectiveness of a gradiometer in reducing them in such settings. To achieve these objectives, we first measured the single channel output in varying magnetic field conditions to observe the effect of homogenous and gradient background fields. Our analysis revealed that the variability in motion artifact within an ambient environment is primarily influenced by the gradient magnetic field rather than the homogeneous one. Subsequently, we configured a gradiometer in parallel and vertical alignment with the direction of vibration (X-axis). Our findings indicated that the singlechannel sensor output exhibited a change of 164.97 pT per mm unit increase in the gradient background magnetic field, while the gradiometer output only showed a change of 0.75 pT/mm within the range of 1 nT/mm to 10 nT/mm. Upon repositioning the gradiometer vertically (Y direction), perpendicular to the direction of vibration, the single-channel output slope increased to 196.85 pT, whereas the gradiometer output only increased by 1.06 pT/mm for the same range. Our findings highlight the influence of ambient environments on motion artifacts and demonstrate the potential of gradiometers to mitigate these effects. In the future, we plan to record biomagnetic signals both inside and outside the shielded room to compare the efficacy of different gradiometer designs under varying environmental conditions.

    Keywords: Biomagnetic measurements, motion artifacts, wearable sensors, Gradient background field, Homogeneous background field

    Received: 30 Jun 2024; Accepted: 20 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Ghahremani Arekhloo, Wang, Parvizi, Tanwear, Zuo, McKinlay, García Núñez, Nazarpour and Heidari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Hadi Heidari, Independent researcher, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.