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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1504668

Blood leukocytes-based clusters of traumatic brain injury patients

Provisionally accepted
Ruoran Wang Ruoran Wang Jianguo Xu Jianguo Xu *Min He Min He *
  • West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Leukocytes play an important role on the inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We design this study to identify TBI phenotypes by clustering blood levels of various leukocytes.Methods: TBI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III database were included. Blood levels of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil were collected by analyzing the first blood sample within 24 hours since admissions. Overall TBI patients were divided into clusters by the K-means clustering method using blood levels of five types of leukocytes. The correlation between identified clusters and mortality was testified by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to verify the survival difference between identified TBI clusters.Results: 172 (cluster 1), 791 (cluster 2) and 636 (cluster 3) TBI patients were respectively divided into 3 clusters with the percentage of 10.8%, 49.5%, and 39.8%. The cluster 1 had the lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the highest Injury Severity Score (ISS) while the cluster 2 had the highest GCS and the lowest ISS. The mortality of 3 clusters was 25.6%, 13.3%, 18.1% respectively. The multivariate logistic regression indicated that cluster 1 had higher mortality risk (OR=2.211, p=0.003) than the cluster 2 while cluster 3 did not show significantly higher mortality than the cluster 2 (OR=1.285, p=0.163). Kapan-Meier analysis showed the cluster 1 had shorter survival than the cluster 2 and cluster 3.Three TBI phenotypes with different inflammatory status and mortality were identified based on blood levels of leukocytes. This classification is helpful for physicians to evaluate the prognosis of TBI patients.

    Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, Leukocytes, clusters, phenotypes, K-means

    Received: 03 Oct 2024; Accepted: 16 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Wang, Xu and He. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Jianguo Xu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
    Min He, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.