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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469794
This article is part of the Research Topic Immunological Relevance of Glycan-mediated Interactions View all 4 articles

Galectin-9 -Ligand Axis: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Multiple Myeloma

Provisionally accepted
Rajib K. Shil Rajib K. Shil 1Norhan B. Mohammed Norhan B. Mohammed 2,3Charles J. Dimitroff Charles J. Dimitroff 1*
  • 1 Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, United States
  • 2 Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States
  • 3 Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Qena, Egypt

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a tandem-repeat galectin with diverse roles in immune homeostasis, inflammation, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, Gal-9 displays variable expression patterns across different tumor types. Its interactions with multiple binding partners, both intracellularly and extracellularly, influence key cellular processes, including immune cell modulation and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Notably, Gal-9 binding to cell-specific glycoconjugate ligands has been implicated in both promoting and suppressing tumor progression. Here, we provide insights into Gal-9 and its involvement in immune homeostasis and cancer biology with an emphasis on multiple myeloma (MM) pathophysiology, highlighting its complex and context-dependent dual functions as a pro-and anti-tumorigenic molecule and its potential implications for therapy in MM patients.

    Keywords: Galectins, Multiple Myeloma, galectin-9, Tumor Microenvironment, therapy

    Received: 24 Jul 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Shil, Mohammed and Dimitroff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Charles J. Dimitroff, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.