Brahim BELMAHDI ^*

• Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco

Developing an accurate mathematical model for parameter extraction in photovoltaic modules is a crucial endeavor in optimizing photovoltaic energy systems. This study seeks to assess and compare various analytical and numerical methods for extracting the primary five parameters of photovoltaic modules. Specifically, six established approaches based on a single diode model (SDM) are employed, including the methods introduced by Khan et al., Blas et al., Phang et al., Vika, Cubas et al., and Almonacid et al. The performance of these approaches is evaluated and compared under standard test conditions (STC) with a focus on maximum power point current and voltage. The analytical and numerical methods demonstrate their precision in predicting photocurrent-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (U-V) curves, with the exception of the Almonacid et al. method, which tends to underestimate the I-V curve at the module's maximum power. Among these methods, the Phang et al. approach stands out, displaying a strong agreement between experimental data and the predicted curve. This is evidenced by the lower values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), normalized RMSE (NRMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and absolute error (AE). These findings underscore the high quality of results obtained through the Phang et al. method.