Alexander James O'Donovan ¹ Seth Gorelik ^1,2 Laura M Nally ^1*

• ¹ School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
• ² Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Georgia, United States

Corrigendum on: O'Donovan AJ, Gorelik S, Nally LM. Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease modifying therapies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 6;15:1477101. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1477101. PMID: 39568817; PMCID: PMC11576206 In the published article, there was an error in the article title. Instead of "[Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease modifying therapies]", it should be "[Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease-modifying therapies]".The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine produced by T cells, plays an important role in the trafficking and activation of autoreactive CD8+ T cells in the beta cell 24,25 , thus making it a potential therapy target in the prevention of T1D. In this study, Anti-IL-21, considered a milder, well-tolerated immunomodulatory agent, was tested alone and in combination with a GLP-1 agonist, liraglutide, which has been associated with decreased beta cell stress and preservation of insulin secretion. To test the isolated and synergistic effects on beta cell preservation, a randomized 4-arm placebo-controlled, double-dummy, double-blind phase 2 clinical trial evaluated the impact of IL-21 and liraglutide on C-peptide secretion over 54 weeks. Adults with T1D diagnosed within 20 weeks with at least two known T1D autoantibodies and residual PAGE \* Arabic \* MERGEFORMAT 3 beta cell function were included. Participants were randomly assigned equally to liraglutide, anti-IL-21, both, or placebo, receiving treatment over 54 weeks and monitored for another 26 weeks after the cessation of treatment. During the treatment period, C-peptide secretion decreased by 10% in the group receiving anti-IL-21 and liraglutide, compared to a 39% decrease with placebo. Further, C-peptide secretion was 48% higher in the combination group when compared to the placebo group. No difference in C-peptide secretion was found when comparing single therapy with liraglutide or anti-IL-21 to placebo. During the 26-week observation period after cessation of therapy, no significant differences in C-peptide secretion, HbA1c, or total daily insulin dose were noted 24 .]" The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. In the published article, there was an error in [ Rituximab 3 1 year At 1 year, the mean MMTTstimulated C-peptide AUC was significantly higher in the rituximab group than in the placebo group 23 . The treatment group had a 30% higher MMTT-stimulated C-peptide AUC 47 . At the 2 year follow up, MMTTstimulated C-peptide AUC was found to be 59% higher in the treatment vs placebo group 42 . The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Reminder: Figures, tables, and images will be published under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence and permission must be obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including re-published/adapted/modified/partial figures and images from the internet). It is the responsibility of the authors to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instructions requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.End of template, if you would like to request a correction for a reason not seen here, please contact the journal's Editorial Office