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REVIEW article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1477101
This article is part of the Research Topic Disease-modifying approaches in type 1 diabetes View all 9 articles
Shifting the Paradigm of Type 1 Diabetes: Narrative Review of Disease Modifying Therapies
Provisionally accepted- 1 School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- 2 Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Georgia, United States
A new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be accompanied by numerous lifelong financial, emotional, and physical challenges, thus advancements in therapies that can delay the onset of clinical disease are crucial. T1D is an autoimmune condition involving destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and long-term insulin dependence. The pathogenesis of T1D is classified into stages, with the first signal being the detection of autoantibodies without any glycemic changes. In the second stage, dysglycemia develops without symptoms, and in stage 3, symptoms of hyperglycemia become apparent, and at this time a clinical diagnosis of T1D is made. As a greater understanding of these stages of T1D have evolved, research efforts have been devoted to delaying the onset of clinical disease. To date, only one medication, teplizumab, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of stage 2 T1D. This narrative review present published trials and ongoing research on disease modifying therapies (DMT) in T1D, the mechanisms of action for each therapy, and the stages of T1D that these interventions are being studied.
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, stage 1 type 1 diabetes, stage 2 type 1 diabetes, stage 3 type 1 diabetes, Teplizumab, Disease-modifying therapies
Received: 07 Aug 2024; Accepted: 26 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 O'Donovan, Gorelik and Nally. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Laura M. Nally, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, 06510, Connecticut, United States
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