Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education Institutions: Review of Innovations, Opportunities and Challenges

Joseph Elasu ¹ Samuel Ocen ^1,2* Sylvia Aarakit ¹

• ¹ Makerere University University Business School, Kampala, Uganda
• ² Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing industries including institutions of higher learning as it enhances teaching and learning processes, streamline administrative tasks and drive innovations. Despite the unprecedented opportunities, AI tools if not used correctly, can be challenging in education institutions. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review the AI innovations, opportunities and challenges associated with the use of AI in higher Education of learning. A systematic literature review methodology was adopted and used to locate and select existing studies, analyse and synthesize the evidence to arrive at clear conclusion about the current debate in the area of study. Following the PRISMA, the study analyzed a total of 54 documents that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set for selection of the documents. The review unveiled many opportunities including enhanced research capabilities, automation of administrative tasks among others. Artificial Intelligence tools are found to refine and streamline the administrative tasks in different units in higher institutions of learning. The challenges include ethical concerns, integrity issues and data fabrication issues. With the challenges notwithstanding, the benefits of Artificial Intelligence cannot be over emphasized. Artificial intelligence remains a powerful tool for research, automation of administrative tasked, personalized learning, inclusivity and accessibility of educational content for all. Emphasis should be put in regulatory frameworks detailing how such tools can be used while maintaining the level of ethical standards required.