Computational Analysis of Ayurvedic Metabolites for Potential Treatment of Drug-Resistant Candida Auris

Mohibullah Shah ^1* Mahnoor Zia ¹ Iqra Ahmad ¹ Muhammad Umer Khan ² Hasan Ejaz ³ Maqsood Alam ⁴ Shahid Aziz ⁴ Umar Nishan ⁵ Hanna Dib ⁶ Riaz Ullah ⁷ Suvash Chandra Ojha ⁸

• ¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
• ² University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
• ³ Jouf University, Sakakah, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴ Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
• ⁵ Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
• ⁶ American University of the Middle East, Kuwait City, Kuwait
• ⁷ King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁸ The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China

This study explored the effectiveness of secondary metabolites of referred traditional Ayurvedic plants in treating fungal infections, particularly targeting Candida auris. Recognized as a global health threat, this fungus is notorious for its resistance to several antifungal treatments. The inhibition of lanosterol 14α-demethylase causes the depletion of ergosterol, ultimately resulting in the inhibition of fungal cell growth. A total of 469 metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins from Ayurvedic plants, were screened against CYP51 (PDB ID: 4UYL) using molecular docking. Key active site residues, namely HIS461, CYS463, and TYR122, were targeted to inhibit the ergosterol synthesis, with VNI employed to benchmark the findings.Shortlisted metabolites underwent physicochemical analysis, ADMET analyses, and the principles of medicinal chemistry, which were confirmed through pharmacokinetic simulations.Further, this study investigated the molecular dynamics (MD) of co-crystalized VNI, trans-pcoumaric acid, and MCPHB [(r)-n-(1'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide] to evaluate RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, cross-correlation of residue motions, PCA, and free energy decomposition. The top compounds demonstrated favorable drug-like criteria. They exhibited good absorption potential with high gastrointestinal uptake. Distribution and metabolism were manageable with low risks of drug-drug interactions. Excretion profiles indicated proper clearance, and toxicity assessments showed low potential for cardiovascular issues. The results showed stable interactions for trans-p-coumaric acid and MCPHB, suggesting that all the ligands maintain stable binding interactions with the protein, which preserves structural integrity across all systems. This comprehensive approach suggests that these natural metabolites from Ayurvedic medicine could potentially serve as primary agents against fungal diseases, pending further validation through controlled in vitro and in vivo clinical trials.