Eva Valenčič ^1,2,3,4* Emma L Beckett ^4,5,6 Tamara Bucher ^4,5 Clare Elizabeth Collins ^3,4 Barbara Korousic Seljak ^1,2

• ¹ Institut Jožef Stefan (IJS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
• ² Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
• ³ College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
• ⁴ Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
• ⁵ College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
• ⁶ Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia

Introduction: Contemporary data and knowledge management and exploration are challenging due to regular releases, updates, and different types and formats. In the food and nutrition domain, solutions for integrating such data and knowledge with respect to the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles are still lacking. Methods: To address this issue, we have developed a data and knowledge management system called NutriBase, which supports the compilation of a food composition database and its integration with evidence-based knowledge. This research is a novel contribution because it allows for the interconnection and complementation of food composition data with knowledge and takes what has been done in the past a step further by enabling the integration of knowledge. NutriBase focuses on two important challenges; data (semantic) harmonization by using the existing ontologies, and reducing missing data by semi-automatic data imputation made from conflating with existing databases. Results and Discussion: The developed web-based tool is highly modifiable and can be further customised to meet national or international requirements. It can help create and maintain the quality management system needed to assure data quality. Newly generated data and knowledge can continuously be added, as interoperability with other systems is enabled. The tool is intended for use by domain experts, food compilers, and researchers who can add and edit food-relevant data and knowledge. However, the tool is also accessible to food manufacturers, who can regularly update information about their products and thus give consumers access to current data. Moreover, the traceability of the data and knowledge provenance allows the compilation of a trustworthy management system. The system is designed to allow easy integration of data from different sources, which enables data borrowing and reduction of missing data. In this paper, the feasibility of NutriBase is demonstrated on Slovenian food-related data and knowledge, which is further linked with international resources. Outputs such as matched food components and food classifications have been integrated into semantic resources that are currently under development in various international projects.